1. Islamic Culture & Civilization

2. A.Law & Dogma Shari’a 1.Islamic law: Shari’a— evolved from the need for a uniform legal system - law of Abbasid Empire 2.Shari’a developed over centuries Idea Idea: all Muslims are equal; are brothers & sisters & share same moral values

4. The Five Pillars of Islam One GodAllah Prayer 5 times a day Mecca -facing Mecca hajj The hajj to Mecca Ramadan Fasting during month of Ramadan Giving of charity

5. B.Converts & Cities 1.Religious conversion & urbanization were related: -converts moved to wealthy, expanding urban areas 2.Social life & the practice of Islam were varied due to NO CENTRAL AUTHORITY -treatment of females varied by region Dar-al-Islam 3. Dar-al-Islam: “House of Islam” where Muslims can practice freely

8. C.Islam, Women, & Slaves harem 1.Muslim women were veiled & secluded (harem) -women could be influential in the family, but NOT in public 2.Muslim women DID have rights under Islamic law - right to own property - to divorce - to remarry - to testify in court - to go on hajj

9. A’isha 3.Muhammad’s 3 rd wife A’isha (married her at age 6 & consummated at 10) created idea about women: - sexual infidelity & meddling in politics 4.Not permitted to enslave others EXCEPT when taken as prisoners of war

10. D.The Recentering of Islam 1.Decline of caliphate & internal conflict in 12-13 th cen. caused new sources of religious authority: a. madrasas (religious colleges) b. Sufi brotherhoods Sufi brotherhoods 2.Sufi brotherhoods: fraternities of rituals & everyday training

12. Islamic Caliphates LocationSocietyTradeAchievements UMAYYADS ABBASIDS