1. First results from the study of the LHC cycle power consumption FCC I&O meeting 24 th June 2015 Davide Bozzini With the contribution of G. Burdet, B. Mouche, R. Ledru, R.Sterenberg, P. Sollander EDMS 1520642 Updated version including corrections and suggestions collected during the meeting

2. Outline 1.Terminology 2.LHC – Electrical network topology 3.LHC – Systems classification 4.Daily average consumption @ 7 TeV and 13 TeV 5.Consumption variation between 7 TeV and 13 TeV 6.Comparison between consumption @ 7 TeV, 13 TeV and LHC design values 7.Active power profile during two runs @ 13 TeV 8.Active power profile during a 13 TeV Ramp-down and a Ramp-up 9.Summary of steady state and peak active powers 10.Conclusion

3. Terminology Average power [P avg ]: is the mean value of the power consumption during the interval of interest (in our case at least 24 hours, weekly, monthly) Steady state power [P steady ]: Is the mean value of the power during an interval in which the system state variables are considered to be constant (in our case the duration of the: injection, stable beam, TS, etc…) Peak power [p peak ]: the maximum instantaneous power during an interval of interest (in our case: peak during magnets ramp-up) Installed power [P inst ]: the sum of the rated power of the supplied electrical equipment (example on CV) Power profile: is the time evolution of the power acquired through the fastest achievable sampling rate

4. LHC - Electrical network topology To Meyrin MEH59 To Meyrin ME9 Machine network Radial supply from 66 kV network 66 kV distribution to points LHC 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 Point LHC 5 feed from point LHC 6 at 18 kV level Tunnel loop (also known as LHC General Services loop) 18 kV network installed in the tunnel and coming to surface on all 8 LHC points Feed from point 1 Operated in closed loop mode Included in the autotransfer system Admissible apparent power 30 MVA

5. LHC - Systems classification Classification given according to rules defined for EN-EL web energy application Systems Cooling: pumping station, cooling towers, air conditioning, etc,.. Ventilation: tunnel ventilation, chillers, air conditioning, etc… Cryogenics: Compressors and cooling stations Magnets and converters: Power converters supplying warm and superconducting magnets Radio Frequency: cavities in point 4, … Experiences: CMS, ATLAS, ALICE, LHCb General services: Loads not included in the other systems as : F1, F2, F3, F4 - 400V sockets distribution, UPS systems, 48 V systems, fire and ODH detection, elevators, cranes, ….. Loads to be covered by auto transfer in case of internal of external power outage

6. Daily average consumption @ 7 TeV and 13 TeV P AVG-14-days-june(2012) = 60.8 MW P AVG-14-days-june(2015) = 67.8 MW  = + 7 MW (+12%) Note: 21 MW for the LHC experiences are not included

7. Daily average consumption @ 7 TeV and 13 TeV Notes: 1 Probable additional load on the LHC loop by EL operation (TBC) 2 Probable additional power request in SM18 (TBC) Analysis: Major contribution to daily power variation is done by magnets and power converters. Probably directly related to the number of ramp-up and ramp down of magnets and the number of hours of operation of the warm magnets Average daily power consumption during TS is between 48 and 52 MW RF + magnets and converters OFF Cryo decrease of consumption All other systems remains constant TS 1 2

8. Power consumption variation between 7 TeV and 13 TeV Comparison done on the first 14 days of June (2015 minus 2012) Comparison of the systems daily average power consumption variation: +15 to +20 % for the cryogenics +25 to +60 % for magnets and power converters +10 to +12 % for cooling -20 to +15 % for ventilation -15 to +5 % for radio frequency -10 to +30 % for general services

9. Comparison between average consumption @ 7 TeV, 13 TeV and LHC design values Estimates / Survey Measurements System LHC design report - 2004 (table 7.1) [MW] EN-EL survey March 2011 (EDMS 1153902) [MW] LHC design 14 TeV (FCC meeting,24 November 2014) [MW] Nov-2012 7 TeV (FCC meeting, 24 November 2014) [MW] June 2012 7 TeV [MW] June 2015 13 TeV [MW] Duration of measurement Not applicable One month14 days Data acquisition Not applicable 10 min average power Stored only if +/- 10% variation compared to last point acquired 1min sampling rate 100 kW power variation 1min sampling rate 100 kW power variation Magnets and power converters 18.817.42033.14.7 Cryogenics48.835.0353230.135.9 Cooling 23.7 (32.8 winter) 33.22066.26.8 Ventilation1443.83.6 Radio Frequency17.97.21876.66.3 General Services13.6 Included in other systems 201311.010.5 Experiments21.823.22221 Other machine1.92Not identified2.5000 Total [MW]155.6116.0151.58681.888.8 Copy of data presented on 24 th of November 2014

10. 1 1 1 Power variations to be further investigated. Could be real or due to data processing mistakes Active power profile during LHC run @ 13 TeV The period considered goes from the 13 June (16h30) to 14 June (17h16) P AVG 68 MW (dotted line) P peak = 83 MW P steady 450 GeV = 63 MW P steady 6.5 TeV = 70 MW

11. Active power profile during a Ramp-down and a Ramp-up Ramp-down and Ramp-up snapshot P AVG = 68 MW (dotted line) P peak = 82 MW P steady 450 GeV = 63 MW P steady 6.5 TeV = 70 MW Physics Dump Ramp down @ injection injection Ramp up Tune squeeze adjust Physics 1 3 2 1 Beam energy ramp up. Power increase mainly due to power converters 2 Power start to decrease before start of ramp-down. 3 Transitory period during ramp-down.

12. Summary of steady state and peak active powers DescriptionName June 2012 7 TeV [MW] June 2015 13 TeV [MW] Steady state at 450 GeV (injection)P steady 450 GeV Data not retrievable63 Steady state at 13 TeVP steady 6.5 TeV Data not retrievable70 Steady state during TSP steady TS 4950 Peak active power during a LHC runP peak Data not retrievable81 21 MW for the experiences are not counted and shall be added whenever applicable (i.e. not during TS) Deviation on measured data will be determined by additional measurements Steady state and peak consumptions under nominal LHC operational conditions are the key values for electrical network dimensioning, redoundancy layouts and optimization of network operation (i.e. systems outage in case of reduced power availability)

13. Conclusion DAQ system for LHC power consumption is now operational and tuned to acquire the maximum data points achievable Data for daily average consumption are sufficient to estimate LHC energy consumption and costs Dimensioning of the FCC network infrastructure require to study more in detail the steady states and peak power consumptions of LHC Definition of individual systems installed power vs. systems operational processes are necessary to define simultaneity factors and power profiles

14. Thank you for your attention

15. Annexes

16. Example: Cooling and ventilation Comparison of power consumption @ 7 TeV, 13 TeV and announced values System Nov-2012 7 TeV June 2012 7 TeV June 2015 13 TeV Cooling66.26.8 Ventilation43.83.6 Total [MW]1010.010.4 Cooling and ventilation power needs are stable during LHC operation @ 13 TeV Announced values diverge from measured values Need to use a common terminology (average, peak, steady state, etc…)

17. Power consumption for LHC cooling and ventilation (MW) G. PeonFCC I&O meeting 25.02.201517 Installed Power Sum of equipment rated power Cooling23 Ventilation 52 Total 75 Required power Accounting for back up Cooling18 Ventilation 39 Total 57 Average peak consumption over the year Cooling10 Ventilation 20 Total 30 Peak consumption (I) Running LHC in winter conditions Cooling12 Ventilation 26 Total 38 Peak consumption (II) LHC stopped in winter conditions Cooling 9 Ventilation 25 Total 34 Peak consumption (III) Running LHC in summer conditions Cooling13 Ventilation 18 Total 31

18. Systems - Installed active power SystemInstalled active power [MW]Notes Magnets and power converters39.4Max taken from LHC design report - 2004 Cryogenics48.4Max taken from LHC design report - 2004 Cooling23Provided by system owner Ventilation52Provided by system owner Radio Frequency17.9Max taken from LHC design report - 2004 General Services13.6Max taken from LHC design report - 2004 Experiments21.8Max taken from LHC design report - 2004 Other machine1.92Max taken from LHC design report - 2004 Total [MW]218.0 Network - Available active power SystemInstalled active power [MW]Notes LHC - 1361 x 66 kV transformer rating – Meyrin load (20 MW) LHC - 260.82 x 66 kV transformer rating LHC - 430.41 x 66 kV transformer rating LHC - 630.41 x 66 kV transformer rating LHC - 830.41 x 66 kV transformer rating LHC loop21.8Limited by loop ampacity Total [MW]209.8

19. Impact of TI2 and TI8 on LHC active power profile (1)

20. Impact of TI2 and TI8 on LHC active power profile (2)