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PPT for Absent Students

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1 PPT for Absent Students
Vision

2 Day 4 Bell Ringer Identify the sequence of events for a picture to be taken.

3 Goals for Today Explain how the human eye is similar to a camera
Explain the human blind spot Describe visual sensation and perception Absolute thresholds Signal Detection Theory Light description and categorization

4 Label the Eye On the blank EYE diagram in your guided notes:
Read the definitions for the EYE and using the definitions as context CLUES, LABEL the diagram as best you can. Below the diagram Identify the sequence of events in order for a vision to be perceived?

5 How do the eyes work anyway?
Camera vs Human Eye

6 Vision

7 Process of Seeing Light enters our eye through the CORNEA
Light passes through the PUPIL The LENS focuses the light onto the RETINA Light energy is converted into neural energy– light TRANSDUCTION

8 Oh no! I’m blind!!! Cover your left eye and look at the star shape with your right eye. Move the paper closer to your face. At some point, you will notice that the circular dot on the right will disappear. Looking at your eye diagram, explain why the DOT disappeared.

9 Retina Retina: sensory tissue that lines that back of the eye. It contains millions of photoreceptors (rods and cones) that convert light rays into electrical impulses that are sent to the brain through the optic NERVE. OBJECTIVE 6| Contrast the two types of receptor cells in the retina, and describe the retina’s reaction to light.

10 Rods Cones Discovering PSY p 88 Photo at top of page

11 Retina’s Reaction to Light- Receptors
Rods Help with peripheral vision detect black, white and gray Good at twilight or low light Cones near center of retina fine detail and color vision Better in daylight or well-lit conditions

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16 Photoreceptors Blue Cones Green Cones Red Cones When more than one type of cone is stimulated we perceive other colors such as yellow or purple. Short wave Medium wave Long wave

17 Do you know? What is the afterimage color of blood?
Why are hospital gowns the color they are?

18 Visual Information Processing
Optic nerves connect to the thalamus in the middle of the brain, and the thalamus connects to the visual cortex. OBJECTIVE 7| Discuss the different levels of processing that occur as information travels from the retina to the brain’s cortex.

19 The light we see Light is electromagnetic energy that travels in wave (same as sound) Cosmic rays wavelengths are a fraction of an inch long, sound waves can be miles long, and visible light waves are in-between.

20 Light Characteristics
1. Wavelength/frequency (hue/color) 2. Intensity/amplitude (brightness)

21 Wavelength (Hue) Hue (color) is the dimension of color determined by the wavelength of the light. Wavelength is the distance from the peak of one wave to the peak of the next.

22 The spectrum of electromagnetic energy

23 Different wavelengths of light result
Wavelength (Hue) Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow Orange Red 400 nm 700 nm Short wavelengths Long wavelengths Different wavelengths of light result in different colors.

24 Cop lights Why do cops have their lights designed the way they are?
Is there a better choice of colors or display?

25 Intensity (Brightness)
Intensity Amount of energy in a wave determined by the amplitude. It is related to perceived brightness.

26 Intensity (Brightness)
Blue color with varying levels of intensity. As intensity increases or decreases, blue color looks more “washed out” or “darkened.”

27 DON’T SAY IT. Write it down. Is there a number
DON’T SAY IT! Write it down! Is there a number? If you see one, what number is it?

28 Define color-deficient vision
If you’re color blind you most likely have a problem with what type of photoreceptor? Dichromatic vision- 2 cones working and 1 cone does not work properly. Red-green color deficiency is due to lack of red or green cones. Seeing the world in blues, yellows and gray. Could you drive?... Should you drive?

29 What is an Absolute Threshold?

30 Another view of thresholds: Signal Detection Theory
Can you hear the announcements in the morning? Assumes there is no absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person’s experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness. This is similar to what?

31 Signal Detection Predicts when we will detect weak signals
Hearing-test tone People’s ability to catch a faint signal diminishes after 30 minutes TSA screening When looking into a crowd and trying to identify someone, do you misidentify more people with or without knowing the shirt color?

32 Signal Detection Theory (SDT)
Predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background noise (other stimulation). SDT assumes that there is no single absolute threshold and detection depends on: Person’s experience Expectations Motivation Level of fatigue Carol Lee/ Tony Stone Images

33 SDT Matrix The observer decides whether she hears the tone or not, based on the signal being present or not. This translates into four outcomes. Decision Yes No Signal Present Hit Miss Absent False Alarm Correct Rejection

34 ?????? How do night time road construction teams set you up for better signal detection of workers in the area??

35 Questions What is an astigmatism?
What is the biological problem for blind people? Multiple reasons mostly stemming from problems with the optic nerve. What does Lasik eye surgery do? What do you think they correct? Why do our eyes dilate more or less on drugs? Certain drugs affect the neurotransmitters in our eyes that tell us to dilate our pupils. What do 3D glasses do? They let you see 2 movies for the price of one! What about drunk goggles? What do you think???

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