1. Agenda Elements/AT/Atoms, Ions, & Isotopes Homework Check Song Notes Go over Test Homework

2. Who developed an atomic theory? John Dalton

3. What were his four points?

4. Who found the e - ? Thompson

5. Who found the n 0 ? Chadwick

6. Who found the p + ? Goldstein

7. Who discover the nucleus? Rutherford

8. What experiment did he do? gold foil experiment

9. What type of model did Bohr develop for the atom? planetary model

10. Who came up with the idea of an e - cloud? Schrödinger

11. 14 6 C p + n o e -

12. 207 82 Pb +4 p+p+nonoe-e-p+p+nonoe-e-

13. Atomic Theory Polka Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.

14. Dalton did experiments and said, “I think it’s clear, atoms are tiny indestructible spheres.”

15. Thomson worked with cathode rays and said, “I disagree. A plum-pudding model makes much more sense to me.”

16. A new chapter in atomic theory started to unfold when Rutherford played around with atoms made of gold. When a few of his alpha particles came bounding back, he hypothesized a nucleus had knocked them off the track.

17. Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.

18. Bohr saw spectral lines for hydrogen and said, “It seems to me.. Electrons move in orbits with specific energies.”

19. Heisenberg said, “Forget it, there’s no way to know the orbit or a path, where the electron’s gonna go.”

20. Schrödinger used lots and lots of fancy mathematics, and made a model of the atom based on quantum mechanics. It has orbitals and those are based on probability. The atom is a fuzzy blob of pure uncertainty.

21. Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schroedinger and Heisenburg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.

22. Homework #IsotopeNuclideA #M ##p + #n 0 #e - 1Copper-65 65 29 Cu + 2965293628 2Lithium-7 7 3 Li + 37342 3Neon-20 20 10 Ne102010 4Oxygen-16 16 8 O -2 8168810 5Chlorine-36 36 17 Cl - 1736171918 6Scandium-45 45 21 Sc +3 2145212418 7Calcium-40 40 20 Ca +2 204020 18 8Bromine-80 80 35 Br - 3580354536 9Tellurium-128 128 52 Te -2 52128527654 10Aluminum-27 27 13 Al +3 1327131410

23. Homework #IsotopeNuclideA #M ##p + #n 0 #e - 11Zinc-65 65 30 Zn +2 3065303528 12Iron-56 56 26 Fe +2 2656263024 13Iron-55 55 26 Fe +3 2655262923 14Phosphorus-31 31 15 P -3 1531151618 15Xenon-131 131 54 Xe54131547754 16Magnesium-24 24 12 Mg +2 122412 10 17Carbon-12 12 6 C -4 6126610 18Hydrogen-3 31H+31H+ 13120 19Sodium-24 24 11 Na + 1124111310 20Hydrogen-1 11H-11H- 11102

24. Bohr’s Model Date

25. Planetary Model Bohr described the atom through a planetary model e - orbit the nucleus like planets around the sun They are located in specific energy levels or shells in concentric circles like layers of an onion

26. Shells 1 st shell 2 nd shell 3 rd shell 4 th shell 2 8 8 (18) 8 (32) Each shell has a specific number of electrons it can hold

27. 11H11H

28. 12 6 C

29. 23 11 Na

30. Practice

31. Lewis Dot Structure Lewis came up with a simple method of showing the outer shell of an atom First write the symbol of the element Next figure out how many e - are in the outer shell Finally put that many dots around the symbol

32. Examples H C Na Na +

33. 23 11 K + K

34. 16 8 O -2 O

35. 35 17 Cl - Cl

36. 40 18 Ar Ar

37. 32 16 S -2 S

38. Transitional Metals Transitional metals put their first two e - in the n th shell (where n is the row number) They then put the rest of the electrons back into the n-1 shell

39. Example Sc has 21 e - The first 18 work the same as we have been doing That leaves 3 e -

40. Example Sc is in the 4 th row so we put two of the remaining electrons in the 4 th shell

41. Example Since it is in the 4 th row n-1=3 So we put the last electron in the 3 shell