1. Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
From national
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
To international
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
Horst Stöcker

2. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Linear Accelerator
Heavy Ions-
Synchrotron
Storage Ring
GSI – Some Facts and Figures:
Founded: 1969
Shareholders: Federal Republic of Germany, States of Hesse, Rhineland- Palatinate and Thuringia
Mission: Construction and Operation of Accelerators, Realisation and Start of FAIR; Excellent Heavy Ion Research
Budget (2015): ca. 120 million € (plus project funds for FAIR)
Employees: approx. 1200
Scientific users: 1500; (approx external)

3. GSI – Member of the Helmholtz Association (HGF)
- Helmholtz: Facts and Figures
18 Research Centres
Employees
Scientists & Engineers
7.000 Doctoral Students
Budget ca. 3.9 Billion Euro (including Third Party Funding)
Largest Research Organization in Germany
List
Helgoland
Bremerhaven
Geesthacht
Hamburg
Greifswald
Braunschweig
Wolfenbüttel-Remlingen
Göttingen
Magdeburg
Potsdam
Berlin
Zeuthen
Teltow
Niemegk
Halle
Leipzig
Bad Lauchstädt
Köln
Jülich
Bonn
Darmstadt
Heidelberg
Lampoldshausen
Karlsruhe
Suttgart
München
Garching
Neuherberg
Oberpfaffenhofen
Jena
Mainz
Dresden
GSI
Saarbrücken
Kiel
Wissenschaftler und Ingenieure: ohne Nachwuchs;
Zahlen von Helmholtz Annual Report 2013
Personal, Stand 2013;
Stammsitz Helmholtz-Zentrum
Zweigstelle
Helmholtz-Geschäftsstelle

4. Research Areas in the Helmholtz-Association
- Program Oriented Research & Funding
Energy
Earth and Environment
Health
Key Technologies
Matter
Transport and Space

5. GSI: Brief History ... and Outlook into the Future
Founded in 1969:
as large research infra-
structure (Großforschungs-
einrichtung) to 'serve' the surrounding universities
Today:
German 'National' Labora tory for Nuclear and Heavy- Ion Physics; User Facility for European/ International Users
Future: FAIR - International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
Philips-University in Marburg
Justus-Liebig-University in Gießen
State of Hessen
Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-
University in Frankfurt
GSI
J.-Gutenberg-
University in
Mainz
Technical University
in Darmstadt
Ruprecht-Karls-University
Heidelberg

6. National and International Cooperation
Ca. 50 German Universities
and Research Centres
- about 1300 external users
- Coop. with about 170 research institutions from over 35 countries

7. GSI Accelerator and Experimental Facilities
Ring-Accelerator
90% speed of light
Ion Sources
Linear-Accelerator
all elements
SIS
Fragment
Separator
20% speed of light
'exotic' nuclei
UNILAC
FRS
PHELIX
Laser
ESR
Storage Ring
'bare' atoms & exotic nuclei
Experimental Areas

8. applications and transfer of technologies
Research at GSI
From
fundamental research into the Structure of Matter and Evolution of the Universe to
applications and transfer of technologies

9. Example I: Search for super-heavy elements ...
- At GSI: Discovery of six new chemical elements with atomic numbers 107– Presently: Hunting for Element 120! H Li Be Na Mg K Ca Rb Sr Cs Ba Fr Ra Y Sc La Ac Ti Hf Zr V Nb Ta Cr Mo W Tc Mn Re Fe Ru Os Co Rh Ir Ni Pd Pt Cu Au Ag Zn Cd Hg B Al Ga In Tl C Si Ge Sn Pb N P As Sb Bi O S Se Po F Cl Br I At He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg
112 Rf Te 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 37 38 39 40 41 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 87 88 89 43 33 34 35 36 51 52 53 54 83 84 85 86
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
104
114
116 II
III IV VI
VII
VIII
113
115
58-71
90-103
117
118
119
120 ? ?
Bohrium
Copernicium
Hassium
Roentgenium
Meitnerium
Darmstadtium

10. Copernicium Symbol: Cn
Naming of Element 112: Copernicium
272Rg
274Cn
112
277X
269Ds
266Mt
111
112
265Hs
110
109
108
Copernicium Symbol: Cn
262BH
Roentgenium
107
Proton number
12 July 2010
Neutron number

11. Example II: Cancer Therapy with Ion beams...
Tumor
harte Röntgenstrahlung
Eindringtiefe [cm] 18 2 6 10 14
50 %
100 %
0 %
Damage
Ion beam
X rays
Penetration depth / cm
New tumor therapy with Ion beams:
as precise as a scalpel
extremely efficient in fighting tumor cells

12. From Clinical Studies at GSI... ... to Standard Medical Application
Pilot phase at GSI Heidelberg Ion Therapy HIT
more than 450 patients
tumor control rate 80 % - 90 %
almost no side-effects
accepted by health insurers
start of patient treatments: Nov. 2009
first clinical ion beam unit in Europe
three treatment stations
Goal: 1000 patients per year
- Cooperation and License Contract with Siemens Medical Solutions
Other clinical ion beam facilities: Shanghai, Marburg-Gießen, …
Cooperation with Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica, Pavia

13. The Long Term Perspective: FAIR
Added value
Beam intensity by a factor of
Beam energy by a factor of 20
Anti-matter beams
Unique beam quality
Parallel operation
SIS 100/300
SIS 18
UNILAC
ESR
HESR
Super
FRS
Construction, cost, scientific communities
Construction in modules 0 – 5, …
Modularized Start Version: Modules Construction cost: Billion Euro (2005)
Scientific Pillars: - APPA: Atomic Physics, Plasma Physics, Applic. - CBM: Compresed Baryonic Matter - NuSTAR: Nucl Structure & Astrophysics - PANDA: Hadron Structure & Dynamics In total: 2500 – 3000 Users
100 m CR
RESR
NESR
existing facility
new facility
Funding (Construction)
65 % Federal Republic
10 % State of Hessen
25 % International Partners

14. Accelerator Challenges
Compact & cost effective accelerators
Fast cycling superconducting magnets dB/dt ~ 4T/s
Fast acceleration
High gradient, variable frequency Ferrite & MA loaded cavities
Precision beams
Electron & stochastic cooling
high beam intensities
Extremely high vacuum ~10-13 mbar
Horst Stöcker

15. FAIR Experiments with KVI engagement
26/04/2017
CBM
APPA: Atoms; Plasmas,
Materials; Bio- & Space Res.
NuSTAR: Nucl. Structure Astrophysics
Super-FRS
PANDA: Antiproton Physics
Horst Stöcker

16. Anti-Proton Annihilation @ DA
26/04/2017
PANDA
Horst Stöcker

17. Search for Heavy Glueballs
Morningstar & Peardon, PRD60(1999)34509 Morningstar & Peardon, PRD56(1997)4043
Charmed glueballs
flavour blind decays
charmed final states
only a few charmed mesons around MeV/c2
less mixing
Exotic glueballs (oddballs), no mixing!
m(2+-) = 4140(50)(200) MeV
m(0+-) = 4740(70)(230) MeV
decay modes , , J/, J/
Narrow widths predicted

18. Compressed Baryonic Matter
SIS100/300
FAIR
Horst Stöcker

19. High Baryon Density @ CBM
Horst Stöcker

20. NuSTAR
Horst Stöcker

21. New Dimensions in Chart of Nuclides-2 -1

22. NuSTAR Super-FRS NuSTAR Primary HI Beams:
26/04/2017
NuSTAR
Super-FRS
Primary HI Beams:
40Ar18+ 2x1012/s @ 1 – 2 GeV/u
238U28+: 5x1011/s @ 1 – 2 GeV/u
40Ar18+ 2x1010/s @ 1 – 45 GeV/u
238U92+: 1x1010/s @ 1 – 35 GeV/u
100 x 1000 times current intensity
Secondary Beams:
Broad range of radioactive ion beams up to 2 GeV/u
RI- Intensities up to over present
Horst Stöcker

23. in 2022
Thank You!
Austria China Finnland France Germany India Italy Poland Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Great Britain