1. 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 1 Exploring Life and Science Lecture Outline Part 2 Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht

2. 2 1.3 Science as a Process A controlled study in action Figure 1.10 Design of a scientific study. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. c. d. Subjects were divided into three groups. Perform Experiment: Groups were treated the same except as noted. Large number of subjects were selected. State Hypothesis: Antibiotic B is a better treatment for ulcers than antibiotic A. Collect Data: Each subject was examined for the presence of ulcers. Test group 2: received antibiotic B Control group: received placebo Test group 1: received antibiotic A a (both): © blickwinkel/Alamy; c: © Phanie/Photo Researchers Control Group Test Group 1 Test Group 2 60 10 80 Effectiveness of Treatment (%) 80 60 40 20 0 100 Conclusion: Hypothesis is supported: Antibiotic B is a better treatment for ulcers than antibiotic A. Treatment of Ulcers by Antibiotics b.

3. 3 Reading about scientific information Scientific journals are considered the best source of information but can be difficult for the _______to understand. Often the lay person reads ______________ and must be wary of information taken out of context. Be careful of information on the _______ by using reliable sources such as URLs with.edu,.gov and.org. 1.3 Science as a Process

4. 4 What should you look for when you read about science? Beware of anecdotal data. Understand methodology and results. Does the data justify the conclusions inferred by the scientists? Be able to read a graph. Have some understanding of statistics. 1.4 Making Sense of a Scientific Study

5. 5 Reading a graph What information does this line graph convey? 1.4 Making Sense of a Scientific Study Figure 1.11 The presentation of scientific data. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. standard error 225 200 150 Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4 x-axis y-axis Blood Choletsterol (mg/dL) 175 Data Variation in Blood Cholesterol Levels

6. 6 Global Warming as a function of reduced Piracy

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8. 8 Does science have social responsibilities? Science is a way of acquiring knowledge about the natural world through a _______________ separating it from ethics, religion, and aesthetics. 1.5 Science and Social Responsibility

9. 9 Does science have social responsibilities? Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to human interests. -Biotechnology (genetically modified bacteria and genetically modified crops) -Gene technology (cloning of humans or gene therapy to modify inheritance) -Use of stem cells from embryos (embryonic stem cells) 1.5 Science and Social Responsibility

10. 10 Everyone is responsible The Western world believes that science and technology improve our lives. All citizens should assume responsibility. Everyone needs to be involved in making value judgments about the proper use of technology. You will learn more about all of these as you venture through this text. Consider your opinions. 1.5 Science and Social Responsibility