1. Got Data? A Guide to Data Preservation in the Information Age Written by Francine Berman Presented by Akadej Udomchaiporn

2. 2 Introduction: Information Age Currently, we are in the information age, i.e., almost anything can be stored in digital form and accessed electronically images, audio, video, software, sensor signals, etc. Most people have faced a loss of valuable information or an unavailability to access the information a crash or damage of storage devices out of services from providers human mistakes

3. 3 Introduction: Infrastructure As a supporting foundation for our efforts in the information age, digital data in the cyberworld is analogous to infrastructure in the physical world roads, bridges, water, electricity, etc. Like physical infrastructure, we want our data infrastructure to be stable, predictable, cost-effective, and sustainable

4. 4 Introduction: Challenge Many issues such as technical, policy, economic, research, education, and social issues have to be considered The management, organization, access, and preservation of digital data is a “ grand challenge ” of the information age The key trends and issues associated with preserving the digital data are explored

5. 5 Trends of Data Cyberinfrastructure Cyberinfrastructure (CI) refers to infrastructure based on distributed computational power, information, and communication technology Data CI is influenced by trends in technology, economics, policy, and law There are four significant trends reflecting the larger environment in which data CI is evolving (IDC)

6. 6 Trend 1 More digital data is being created than there is storage to host it we do not produce storage capacity at the same rate we produce digital information by 2011, the amount of digital information created will be nearly 1.8 zettabytes (10 21 ), or more than twice the amount of available storage therefore, in the research and academic community, methods for community appraisal will likewise be more important over the next decade.

7. 7 Trend 2 More and more policies and regulations require the access, stewardship, and/or preservation of digital data currently, many forms of digital rights management and a broad range of public policies govern the access, stewardship, and preservation of digital data around the world therefore, the developed CI will need to incorporate mechanisms to enforce community policies and procedures auditing, authentication, and monitoring

8. 8 Trend 3 Storage costs for digital data are decreasing (but that ’ s not the whole story) the price of hard-drives, holographic memory, and other new technologies promise better performance per price unit however, as storage costs decrease, critical components of the data bill are not decreasing the number of data centers and cost of powering them are taking a bigger and bigger bite out of current and projected data budgets

9. 9 Trend 4 Increasing commercialization of digital data storage and services today, there is considerable activity in the private sector around data storage and services for the consumer however, there is no one-size-fits-all solution for data stewardship and preservation therefore, we have to separate data into many levels in order to manage them suitably trust, monitoring, replication, and accountability

10. 10 Trends of Data Cyberinfrastructure In aggregate, these four trends point to the need to take a comprehensive and coordinated approach to data CI They also point to the need to treat the problem of sustainability holistically, creating strategies that make sense from technical, policy, regulatory, economic, security, and community perspective

11. 11 Value and Sustainability In developing effective models for data CI, perhaps the greatest challenge is economic sustainability A key question: Who is responsible for supporting the preservation of valued digital data? Critical to answering is the organization that “ value ” means different things to different people

12. 12 Value and Sustainability: Solution Sustainability solutions for digital data are inextricably related to who values it and who is willing to support its preservation One of data CI solution framework is known as “ Branscomb Pyramid ” proposed by Branscomb L. et al. in 1993 This framework can be used to create “ Data Pyramid ” to frame today ’ s digital information and stewardship options

13. 13 Value and Sustainability: Data Pyramid

14. 14 Top 10 Guidelines for Data Stewardship (1) 1. Make a plan 2. Be aware of data costs and include them in your overall IT budget 3. Associate metadata with your data 4. Make multiple copies of valuable data 5. Plan for the transition of digital data to new storage media ahead of time

15. 15 Top 10 Guidelines for Data Stewardship (2) 6. Plan for transitions in data stewardship 7. Determine the level of “ trust ” required when choosing how to archive data 8. Tailor plans for preservation and access to the expected use 9. Pay attention to security 10. Know the regulations

16. 16 Conclusion This paper proposed the key trends and issues associated with preserving digital data that is natural resource of the information age The digital data management is used to keep data manageable, accessible, available, and secure Top 10 guidelines for data stewardship were also proposed as a solution to help promote effective stewardship and preservation of digital data in the information age

17. 17 Thank you Questions?