1. Panama and the United States’ Influence THE PACIFIC AND THE CARIBBEAN

2. Today’s Objective  After today’s lesson, students will be able to…  Explain Roosevelt’s influence in the Caribbean  Describe the impact the United States had in Panama  Essential Skill  Gather and organize information and data

3. Video Clip  As you watch the video clip on the Panama Canal, answer the questions on your sheet  Be prepared to share your answers following the clip

4. Panama Canal  In 1903, Panama was still a part of Colombia, which refused John Hay’s offer to purchase the land and gain the rights to build a canal  Panamanians decided to declare their independence from Colombia and make their own deal with the U.S. to build the canal  U.S. sent ships to Panama to prevent Colombia from interfering  U.S. recognized Panama’s independence and the two signed a treaty to have the canal built

5. Panama Canal  To sail from Atlantic to Pacific, ships navigated around Cape Horn, the treacherous southern tip of South America.  A New York to San Francisco trip measured some 13,000 miles and took months.

6. Panama Canal  Dr. William Gorgas was hired to eradicate yellow fever, like he had years before in Havana. He was able to accomplish his goal by killing the mosquitoes that carried the disease.  Workers:  Drained swamps, swept drainage ditches, paved roads, and installed plumbing  Sprayed pesticides by the ton  Entire towns rose from the jungle – complete with houses, schools, churches, and social halls.

7. Panama Canal  It is estimated that over 80,000 persons took part in the construction and that 30,000 lives were lost in both French and American efforts. U.S President Theodore Roosevelt visiting the canal construction site.

8. Panama Canal  The American expenditures from 1904 to 1914 totaled $352,000,000, far more than the cost of anything built by the United States Government up to that time. In today’s money it would cost $ 7,448,028,707.72 1909 Lock Construction

9. Panama Canal  At the Gatun Locks on the Atlantic side, workers poured enough concrete to build a wall 8' wide, 12' high, and 133 miles long. They built culverts the size of railroad tunnels to channel water from Gatun Lake into the locks.

10. Panama Canal  By August 15, 1914 the Panama Canal was officially opened by the passing of the SS Ancon.

11. Panama Canal Figure 3: A map showing the route of the completed canal. A series of "locks" are used to control the water level within the canal.

12. Panama Canal

13. Conclusion  Today we learned…  How Roosevelt impacted the Caribbean.  The events that led up to the development of the Panama Canal.