1. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?

2. Today’s Objective After today’s lesson, we will be able to… ◦Discuss whether the industrialists of the late 19 th century were robber barons or captains of industry

4. Robber Baron or Captain of Industry Robber Baron ◦An American capitalist of the latter part of the 19 th century who became wealthy through exploitation (as of natural resources, government influence, or low wage scales) ◦A business owner or executive who acquires wealth through ethically questionable tactics Captain of Industry ◦The head of a great industrial enterprise

5. Andrew Carnegie Arrived in America as a penniless Scottish immigrant Began to work at 13 to assist his family In 1889, established Carnegie Steel Company Controlled suppliers and competition ◦Vertical and Horizontal Integration In 1899, Carnegie Steel produced more than Great Britain Carnegie Steel produced 80% of nation’s steel

6. John D. Rockefeller Born in 1839 His working life started as a bookkeeper He established one of the first oil refineries In 1870, forms a business trust with partners: Standard Oil At its peak, controls 90% of all oil companies Drove competitors out of business by selling oil lower than cost to make it After competitor are driven out, prices skyrocketed to regain loss

7. Robber Baron or Captain of Industry Andrew Carnegie ◦“I entered this life poor and I wish to leave it the same” ◦Gave away $325 million or 90% of his wealth ◦Carnegie Mellon University ◦Carnegie Hall in NYC ◦Carnegie Foundation ◦2,500 libraries across the U.S. John D. Rockefeller ◦Donated more than $500 million to various educational, religious, and scientific causes ◦Rockefeller University ◦Rockefeller Center in NYC ◦Rockefeller Foundation

8. Agree or Disagree? After reading the quote on the board: ◦You will go to the corner of the room that matches your answer and discuss with the group. Be ready to share your reasoning’s with the class

9. Agree or Disagree - The wealth that these men brought to the United States far outweighs their corrupt business practices.

10. Agree or Disagree? - These men were ingenious and industrious leaders who transformed the American economy with their business skills

11. Agree or Disagree? - Instead of giving their millions away to charity, they should have paid their employees better wages

12. Agree or Disagree? - The growth of large business is merely survival of the fittest - Social Darwinism

13. Agree or Disagree? - Organized labor created more problems than it solved - Haymarket Square Riot - Sherman Anti-Trust Act

14. Agree or Disagree? - America is an equal “land of opportunity” for all

15. Agree or Disagree? - The government should leave business alone - Laissez Faire

16. Agree or Disagree? - A civilization which tends to concentrate wealth and power in the hands of the fortunate few, and to make of others mere human machines, must inevitably evoke anarchy and bring destruction - Union Violence

17. Agree or Disagree -People are, to a large extent, in control of their circumstances and therefore have the ability to succeed - Social Darwinism

18. Horatio Alger Author who wrote about young boys ability to climb the financial ladder through hard work! ◦“Rags to Riches” (or upper-middle class) Defended laissez faire economics Extremely influential due to rising literacy rates “Pluck & Luck” ◦Pluck = resolve, ability to stand up to challenges ◦Luck = success brought about by mere chance

19. How to Succeed: Horatio Algerism An ambitious person can succeed financially if: ◦Work hard ◦Are thrifty ◦Practice integrity ◦Follow the rules ◦Have some luck The lazy and/or poor “deserve misery”

21. Social Darwinism Economic competition is Natural Law The fittest in business will survive Business should not be regulated (laissez faire) The weak companies go under, while the strong survive

22. Gospel of Wealth Practiced and preached by Andrew Carnegie Idea that the wealthy had a responsibility to give back to the community at large The creation of public museums, parks, and beautification projects that benefited society as a whole

23. Which throne should they sit upon? HERO “Captain of Industry” VILLAIN “Robber Baron”

24. Ticket out the Door First, write a response explaining which “throne” (Hero or Villain) you choose for one of the men discussed today ◦Be sure to explain why you placed them there Then, discuss whether you think the term robber baron is applicable today ◦Be sure to explain why or why not