1. Research Paper Guidelines I. Develop your Thesis Statement -your thesis statement will address the question(s) you have created about the topic you are researching An excellent thesis will include the following attributes: -state a strong position on a topic -deal with a subject that can be adequately addressed given the nature of the assignment -assert your conclusions about a topic -introduce and organize your key points -use words like since, although, because, however, unless -be clear, focused, and well-written

2. II. Key Points -organize the 3 key points you will discuss in the body paragraphs to support your thesis III. Conclusions -summarize the conclusions you hope to make about your topic -present a conclusion as to why your topic is important to the study of U.S. History IV. Sources -provide a bibliography of your sources -4 total = 3 print sources, 1 primary source

3. Refining the Thesis 1.Begin with a concessive clause. Your position will stand out from an opposing argument. Although… Even though… While… 2.State your main clause. This is the heart of your position, and the topic of the main clause will be the topic of your paper. 3.Close with a “because” clause. This will force you to concisely summarize the key points that will support your thesis.

4. Key Thesis Questions 1.Does my thesis state a definable/arguable position? ex. #1 The disintegration of economies in Eastern Europe led to the decline of communism. ex. #2 While societal discontent contributed to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, major restrictions on trade and the disintegration of economies played an essential role in driving its decline.

5. 2.Is my thesis as clear and specific as possible? ex. #1 Communism collapsed due to the growing discontent among the people of Eastern Europe. ex. #2 Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because of the ruling elite’s inability to address the major economic, political, and social concerns of the people.  Your thesis should be a clear and focused position statement, not just a list of your key points.

6. Sample Position The Harlem Renaissance advanced the cause of civil rights for African Americans. Key Points 1. Achievements in the arts 2. Achievements in literature 3. Achievements in music …all contributed to a greater appreciation of black culture and the advancement of civil rights Thesis #1 The Harlem Renaissance was an important period in which African American culture was finally appreciated because of achievements in the arts, literature, and music.

7. Thesis #1 The Harlem Renaissance was an important period in which African American culture was finally appreciated because of achievements in the arts, literature, and music. Revised Thesis Even though African American citizens faced growing discrimination and racial segregation during the 1920s, the Harlem Renaissance was a significant turning point in the civil rights movement because of the lasting cultural achievements in the arts, literature, and music.

8. Research Paper Planning I.Questioning -develop 1-3 probing questions about your topic and source material that will focus your report.  Brainstorming  -develop a list of ideas, facts, examples, and connections you have learned that can be used to address your question(s). -list any new questions you have at the moment that you hope to answer from your research.