1. Biochemistry …the basics

2. Chemistry of Life Matter and Substance Water and Solutions Carbon Compounds Energy and Metabolism

3. Atoms Atom: smallest unit of matter that maintains chemical properties of the element Electron (e-): negative (-) charge, no mass Proton: positive (+) charge, has mass Neutron: neutral (no) charge, has mass

4. Elements Element- substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means All molecules of the same element have the same number of protons (and usually electrons) Atomic Number –number of Protons (and usually electrons) Atomic Mass- Number of Protons and neutrons

6. Bonding Goal of Atoms: 8 electrons in outer (valence) electron shell Covalent bond: occur between elements that are close together on the periodic table; form molecules Ex: H2O Ionic bond: occur between metals and non-metals; form compounds Ex: NaCl

8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LK2fIn_U0MY

9. Chemistry of Life Matter and Substance Water and Solutions Carbon Compounds Energy and Metabolism

10. Properties of Water I) floats as a solid Keeps rivers, ponds, oceans from freezing solid II) Absorbs and retains heat Keeps the temperature of large bodies of water from changing too fast Helps us to maintain our internal temperature III) Water molecules stick to each other (cohesion) IV) Stick to other polar molecules (adhesion)

11. Solutions Solutions: two or more substances are evenly dispersed Acid: forms H+ or H3O+ in a solution; makes it more + Base: forms OH- in solution; makes it more – Buffers help prevent change in pH

12. Chemistry of Life Matter and Substance Water and Solutions Carbon Compounds Energy and Metabolism

13. Carbohydrates Uses: energy, structure (chitin/cellulose), cell ID Example: sugar, starch, fiber Contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

14. Lipids Uses: storing energy, controlling water movement Examples: fats, waxes, steroids

15. Proteins Uses: structure, support, communication, transportation, chemical reactions Made of amino acids Proteins are very big and bend and fold in specific ways 1 ⁰ (primary): AA arrange in a specific order 2 ⁰ (secondary): bending, twisting, coils, and folds 3 ⁰ (tertiary): overall shape of a chain of AA 4 ⁰ (quarternary): overall shape that results from combining chains

16. Nucleic Acids Uses: store and transmit genetic info, store energy DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; contain genetic information RNA: ribonucleic acid; important in protein synthesis (creation) ATP: adenine triphosphate; main energy source for cells

17. Chemistry of Life Matter and Substance Water and Solutions Carbon Compounds Energy and Metabolism

18. Energy Energy: ability to move or change matter Conservation of Mass: Matter is neither created nor destroyed (it can only change form) Conservation of Energy: the total amount of energy in the universe does not change

19. Chemical Reactions CO2 + H2O -  H2CO3 Reactants: beginning participants in a chemical reaction Products: formed in a chemical reaction Activation energy: minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction Alignment: atoms must be correctly aligned for a reaction to occur ACTIVATION ENERGY and ALIGNMENT MUST be present for reaction to occur

20. Biological Reactions Enzymes: acts as a catalyst (speeds up chemical reaction) Metabolism: enzymes are used to process food. They allow reactions that should take a very long time to proceed much quicker

21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTQybDgweiE