1. LATIN WEST and RENAISSANCE

2. BLACK DEATH Some “whooped it up” Some became more religious (flagellettes)

3. BLACK DEATH Killed 1/3 of population Some turned away from the church – looked inward and towards man = HUMANISM People moved to cities People could demand more in wages = middle class rise and peasant revolts Authority figures challenged Monarchies became stronger due to increased urban populations and need for security (armies)

4. JEWISH POPULATION Most were living is Spain – Islam welcomed them to the area SCAPEGOATED…blamed for the Black Death Killed or run out of cities

5. TRADE New trading cities were developed – VENICE Hanseatic League worked in the North Textiles, wool-making

6. CITY LIFE Offered more freedom than countryside Cosmopolitan GUILDS (apprenticeships) – assoc. craft merchants – Regulated trade, practices and prices – Denied membership to outsiders, women and Jews

7. LEARNING New universities developed and intellectual life expanded (Paris and Oxford) Looked at Greek and Roman manuscripts – rediscovered the classical age LATIN…but later the vernacular SCHOLASTICISM: combining of reason and faith (Thomas Aquinas)

8. HUMANISM Art, literature and individualism An interest in grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, literature and philosophy…The humanities A focus on MAN!!!! Dante and a “rebirth” of the classics PRINTING PRESS helped spread these works! Johann Gutenberg got the credit!

9. POLTICAL TRANSFORMATIONS Pope was important in the early Middle Ages – now KINGS became more important WHY? 1.Increase in armies to protect towns (don’t need knights) and new weapons (firearm) 2.GREAT WESTERN SCHISM (Pope in France and one in Rome)…weakened the papacy

10. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS -2 ENGLAND - King John had to sign the MAGNA CARTA: Kings were subject to the same laws as the people - Hundred Years War with France – France won (Joan of Arc); but now England and France divide territory and have a state with new monarchies!

11. IBERIAN UNIFICATION - 1492 Queen Isabella and Ferdinand in Spain take back the Iberian Peninsula from the MOORS (Muslims) and kick the Muslims out Made Spain a powerful state with strong Catholic roots – kick out Jews as well – Spanish Inquisition Send out Christopher Columbus