1. Leadership II Strategies for personal success

2. LEADERSHIP II 1. Managing multiple roles for the CO 2. Creativity 3. Enhancing your personal power base 4. Ethics

3. SECTION FOUR Ethics

4. OBJECTIVES u Identify the importance & impact of ethics upon the fire dept. & its members u Identify the role of the CO in establishing, modeling, & managing ethical behavior u Analyze your own dept.’s existing ethical rules & guidelines, where gaps exist. u Demonstrate decision-making involving ethical practices

5. OVERVIEW u Ethics and their impact u Guidelines and resources u Characteristics of an: Ethical Organization Ethical Leader

6. LINK: ETHICS / LEADERSHIP u Ethical behavior makes job easier u Avoid ethical pitfalls & traps u Guidelines help making ethical decisions u Ethics are a daily consideration u No quick fix to ethical dilemmas

7. ACTIVITY 1: Old Smoky u Ethics at the Company Level u View Old Smoky Video.......

8. ACTIVITY 1: Old Smoky Typical ethical dilemmas from Old Smoky: u Confronted with hearsay evidence u How much ‘slack’ to Old Smoky u Honesty now.... makes others look bad u Granting request for anonymity

9. ACTIVITY 1: Old Smoky u Refer to SM p. ET-3 u Give examples of other ethical dilemmas a CO might face....List on board CO’s must be prepared to deal with day-to- day ethical conflicts

10. INTRODUCTION u Desire of most CO’s to provide service in an honorable way & to follow a long history of leaders who performed great good. u This module in ethics will assist you in sorting out the ethical demands placed upon you.

11. INTRODUCTION How do you feel personally about receiving a 10% discount at local restaurants when you are in uniform.....

12. INTRODUCTION 50% ?

13. INTRODUCTION 100 % ?

14. INTRODUCTION How do you feel about just stopping by and picking up $2 or $3 in cash? u Is there any difference u It is simply a matter of degree (OH/frog)

15. WHAT ARE ETHICS ? u A given system of conduct u Principles of honor or morality u Guidelines for human action u Rules or standards for individuals or professions u The character of a group (what behavior is expected)

16. THE ROOTS OF ETHICS u Ancient history u Religion u Systems of law u Social customs of a community u Our personal code of conduct

17. ANCIENT HISTORY u Greek culture adopted rules such as “Do the greatest good for the greatest number.”

18. RELIGION u Most have an equivalent of the Ten Commandments to guide thinking/actions u The guidelines state how people should act, especially with other human beings u Universal Golden Rule & Values: Honesty, justice, courage Tolerance Full use of talents

19. SYSTEMS OF LAW u Laws summarize decisions of judges/peers u New laws arise as the values & attitudes of the community change u Ethics often begin where the law leaves off

20. SOCIAL CUSTOMS u Define what is acceptable or unacceptable u Community members condone (support) or condemn (resist) specific actions Dry counties X rated bars, films

21. OUR OWN PERSONAL CODE u Personal assessments of right & wrong u Begins at childhood & matures through life u Related to attitudes of people we respect, confidence in our own standards, how often we have been supported or burned Cheating on IRS Falsifying training reports

22. CODES OF ETHICS u Guidelines to members of a profession u Inform members of a common set of standards u Encourage members to live by those standards u Protect the integrity and reputation of the group (Publish & Clarify obligations)

23. HIPPOCRATIC OATH A well known code of ethics which states: “Above all, do no harm.”

24. APPLICATIONS OF CODES OF ETHICS u Professional life u Relations with public or society u Relations with employers u Relations with other employees / coworkers

25. PROFESSIONAL LIFE u “He will recognize his badge of office as a symbol of public faith, and accept it as a public trust to be held as long as he is true to the ethics of his office.” Fire Marshal’s Association of America

26. RELATIONS: With the public or society u “Be courteous, considerate, enthusiastic, and cooperative. Be especially tactful and considerate in dealing with those who have experienced a loss due to fire.” Firefighter’s Ten Commandments

27. RELATIONS: With employers u “Not accept, for the same service, compensation of any kind (other than from the client, principal, or employer) without full disclosure, knowledge, and consent of all parties concerned.” International Society of Fire Service Instructors

28. RELATIONS: With other employees / coworkers u “Maintain the highest standards of personal integrity; be honest and straightforward in dealings with others, and avoid conflicts of interest.” International Association of Fire Chiefs

29. SAMPLE CODE OF ETHICS u Refer to SM p.ET-4 u If this were our department’s code of ethics, what would the following 12 articles mean to you as a CO?.........

30. 1. Demonstrate the highest standards of personal integrity, truthfulness, honesty, and fortitude in all our public activities in order to inspire public confidence and trust in public institutions.

31. 2. Serve the public with respect, concern, courtesy, and responsiveness, recognizing that service to the public is beyond service to oneself.

32. 3. Strive for personal professional excellence and encourage the professional development of our associates and those seeking to enter the field of public administration.

33. 4. Approach our organization and operational duties with a positive attitude and constructively support open communication, creativity, dedication, and compassion.

34. 5. Serve in such a way that we do not realize undue personal gain from the performance of our official duties.

35. 6. Avoid any interest or activity which is in conflict with the conduct of our official duties.

36. 7. Respect and protect the privileged information to which we have access in the course of official duties.

37. 8. Exercise whatever discretionary authority we have under law to promote the public interest.

38. 9. Accept as a personal duty the responsibility to keep up to date on emerging issues and to administer the public’s business with professional competence, fairness, impartiality, efficiency, and effectiveness.

39. 10. Support, implement, and promote merit employment and programs of affirmative action to assure equal opportunity by our recruitment, selection, and advancement of qualified persons from all elements of society.

40. 11. Eliminate all forms of illegal discrimination, fraud, and mismanagement of public funds, and support colleagues if they are in difficulty because of responsible efforts to correct such abuse.

41. 12. Respect, support, study, and -- when necessary -- work to improve federal and state constitutions, and other laws which define the relationships among public agencies, employees, clients, and all citizens.

42. CURRENT INTEREST IN ETHICS u Have you noticed any recent increase in news headlines or media coverage of ethical issues? OHT’s

43. CURRENT INTEREST IN ETHICS u Rights and privileges are balanced by obligations and responsibilities. u Public service means service to the public.

44. ACTIVITY 2: Expectations & Conflicts Ethics is a difficult subject because the fire service leader is bombarded by: u Values u Cultural Characteristics u Expectations from many sources. Public servants are held to higher standards than those they serve...

45. ACTIVITY 2: Expectations & Conflicts u Discuss Sources of Ethics flowchart (OHT) u Possible conflicts for the fire officer: Duty to fire department versus duty to family u Small group exercise to identify influences upon the ethical decisions of the CO u Refer to SM pp. ET-7 TO ET-12. u Report on Key Learning achieved......

46. POSSIBLE KEY LEARNING u Ethics are complex u There are many conflicting “ethical expectations.” u These expectations have a direct influence on day-to-day decisions. u Ethical decisions can affect many groups at the same time--each with legitimate but differing needs.

47. ACTIVITY 3: Ethical Decision-Making u Ethics have many sources and dimensions u Conflict occurs in choosing between ethical standards u Fire officers can fall into ethical traps u The best way to discover how ethics influence decisions is to experience decision-making....

48. ACTIVITY 3: Ethical Decision-Making u Each person will have an opportunity to: Make a decision Justify the decision to their self Defend the decision to peers u Refer to SM p. ET-14 u Ethical decisions are not easy, and sometimes there are no clear right or wrong decisions!

49. GUIDELINES & RESOURCES 1. Many groups have a stake in decisions. 2. These groups may all have legitimate but contradictory expectations. 3. The CO’s own personal ethics, standards, and integrity are always part of the picture...

50. GUIDELINES & RESOURCES 4. There are numerous courses of actions that a CO can take in making a decision 5. There is seldom a clear, totally right or wrong answer to ethical dilemmas 6. Decisions are based on community, organizational, and/or personal standards. The clearer they are, the easier the decision!

51. PARTS OF THE ETHICAL PUZZLE Standards Values Requirements Expectations Unofficial Official

52. GUIDELINES & RESOURCES u Examining & evaluating available resources & guidelines can help you to: 1. Determine what standards exist 2. Identify gaps where there is not specific guideline 3. Determine whether to follow the rules or your conscience in a given situation...

53. ‘OLD SMOKY’ REVISITED u View a replay of the ‘Old Smoky’ video. u Discussion of important questions

54. WHAT CONDITIONS LED TO THIS PROBLEM?

55. WHAT EXPECTATIONS DO THE FIREFIGHTERS/EMT’S/PM’S HAVE?

56. WHAT EXPECTATIONS DOES “OLD SMOKY” HAVE?

57. WHAT EXPECTATIONS DOES THE PUBLIC HAVE?

58. WHAT GUIDELINES MIGHT EXIST TO HELP THE OFFICER DETERMINE A COURSE OF ACTION?

59. CHECKLIST FOR ETHICAL DECISIONS u Refer to SM p. ET-33 u A blank ‘Checklist for Ethical Decisions’ has been provided to use whenever you face a complex ethical dilemma.

60. AN ETHICAL DECISION WILL: u Honor formal department decisions and documents u Not violate laws, rules, etc. u Reflect what are reasonable and positive cultural characteristics. u Reflect the interest of all parties as much as possible u Feel right!

61. THE BOTTOM LINE u You must weigh & honor existing guidelines, but base the decision on: personal ethics ideals convictions u No formulas for grey areas/tough decisions u Do what you believe is right

62. ALMOST OUTA’ HERE u Small groups to develop 3 characteristics of: 1. An ethical organization 2. An ethical leader u Do not refer to SM for the obvious answers u List & record the groups work and then.... u Compare them......

63. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ETHICAL ORGANIZATION u Senior management defines and clarifies standards, values and ethics. u Senior management demonstrates a commitment to those ethics, and expects a similar commitment of all organizational members u The organization supports and rewards ethical behavior and solutions to problems.

64. ETHICAL ORGANIZATION (cont’d) u The organization gives consideration to all stakeholders--the community, policymakers, employees, and special interest groups. u The organization as whole prides itself on its ideal and on striving toward them.

65. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ETHICAL LEADER u Models ethical behavior after others. u Attempts to balance personal ethics with those of the organization. u Considers impact of decisions on all others who will be affected.

66. ETHICAL LEADER (cont’d) u Operates with integrity, honesty, and courage u Approaches ethics from a positive point of view, guided by his/her own ‘ethical compass’ or ‘conscience.’

67. TESTS OF AN ETHICAL DECISION u Do I feel unembarrassed, unashamed, not guilty, not defensive? u Do I object to my decision being published openly? u Am I willing to risk criticism for my decision?

68. ETHICAL DECISION (cont’d) u Could I justify and defend my decision to my greatest critics and ‘enemies?’ u Have I considered all who would be affected by the decision and given them priority or weight? u Does it feel right in my gut--is my conscience clear?

69. SUMMARY Ideals are like stars-- We never reach them. But like mariners at sea, We chart our course by them. Author unknown

70. SUMMARY “...Men often stumble over the truth, and most manage to pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing had happened.” Winston Churchill

71. SUMMARY u It should be the goal of all of us to operate according to the highest possible standards. We have a serious responsibility to ensure that our personal conduct is above reproach, and, as difficult as it may be at times, we also have obligations regarding the conduct of those who work around us.

72. EXAM TIME