1. An Architecture based on a Social-Economic Approach for Flexible Grid Resource Allocation An Architecture based on a Social-Economic Approach for Flexible Grid Resource Allocation Mr. Gabriele Pierantoni, Mr. Gabriele Pierantoni, Dr. Eamonn Kenny, Dr. Brian Coghlan Trinity College Dublin

2. Resource Allocation Grid Resource Allocation is complex: Grid Resource Allocation is complex: –Resources belong to different domains –Resources are subject to different policies –Resources are geographically distributed. It is difficult to decide what “optimality” is. It is difficult to decide what “optimality” is.

3. Resource Allocation Scenarios Cooperative Scenarios: Cooperative Scenarios: –Charity: Seti project –Sharing of resource among institutions. Competitive Scenarios: Competitive Scenarios: –Buying and selling of resources in a Market Keynesian Scenario: Keynesian Scenario: –Investment in Hardware/Software that is used by different users

4. Social and Economic Perspective Problem: Mankind faced similar problems in allocating/managing limited resources in pursuit of its goals. Problem: Mankind faced similar problems in allocating/managing limited resources in pursuit of its goals. Solution: Solution: –societies –competitive and/or co-operative exchanges. Social-economic paradigm is increasingly being used for Grid Resource Allocation and Sharing. Social-economic paradigm is increasingly being used for Grid Resource Allocation and Sharing.

5. Primary Services Intermediate Service The process of computation Final Service (Job) CPUMemoryConnectionData

6. Production and supply chains Economic Economic Co-operative Co-operative Service Supply Chain Payment Chain Service Supply Chain

7. Endowments, Needs, Supplies and Demands Model actors/resource with following paradigm. Endowment: set of resources owned by actor Endowment: set of resources owned by actor Needs: set of resources needed by actor Needs: set of resources needed by actor Supplies: set of resources that the actor has in abundance. Supplies: set of resources that the actor has in abundance. Demands: the set of resources that the actor cannot cover with its endowment. Demands: the set of resources that the actor cannot cover with its endowment.

8. Endowments, Needs, Supplies and Demands - Relations Scarcity Scarcity –Supplies = {} –Demands = Endowment  (! Needs) –Satisfied Needs = Needs Abundance Abundance –Supplies = Endowment  !(Needs) –Demands = { } –Satisfied Needs = Needs

9. Grid Agents Grid Agents are at the convergence of three flows of information: Grid Agents are at the convergence of three flows of information: –Production –Rules –Ownership Grid Agent Service n-1Service n Production Process Access Rights Rules

10. Social Grid Agent Social Grid Agents The Rules and Ownership Information flows are regulated by the relationship that Grid Agents have with other Grid Agents. The Rules and Ownership Information flows are regulated by the relationship that Grid Agents have with other Grid Agents. Grid Agent Social Layer Production Rules Ownership

11. Competitive society Co-operative society Grid Societies In Grid Societies, Grid Agents co-operate and compete under the same set of rules. In Grid Societies, Grid Agents co-operate and compete under the same set of rules. Grid Agent

12. Co-operative Grid Societies In a co-operative Grid Society the actors involved devolve part of their endowment to the Tribe. In a co-operative Grid Society the actors involved devolve part of their endowment to the Tribe. There can be different ways to leverage the usage of resources from the tribe members: There can be different ways to leverage the usage of resources from the tribe members: –None: Resources given until they are available –Communism: Each is entitled the same amount of resources. –Meritocracy: The amount of resources available to each member is proportional to their past and present contributions.

13. Competitive-Economic Grid Societies In competitive Grid Societies resources are sold and bought in a Market. In competitive Grid Societies resources are sold and bought in a Market. There are many possible economic models to be used: There are many possible economic models to be used: –Bargaining –Posted Price Model –Auctions –Call for tenders.

14. Conclusions Social and economic paradigm can be used to implement grid resource allocation strategies. Social and economic paradigm can be used to implement grid resource allocation strategies. Economic models can be used in competitive scenarios. Economic models can be used in competitive scenarios. Social models can be used in co-operative scenarios Social models can be used in co-operative scenarios