1. Who do you believe? Comparing Perspectives about the Bear River Massacre Chapter 9: Settlements, Transportation, and Mining

2. Bell Activity  Your words are “ruthless” & “skirmish”  Find the words on your blue study guide and complete the following information for the word.  Find the definition using a glossary.  Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition.  Where should your backpack be? No gum in class. Throw it in the garbage before class begins!

3. Word: ruthless My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition:Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non- Example: Does your work look something like this?

4. Word: ruthless My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: without pity or compassion; Draw a picture of it: cruel Sentence: Synonym/ Example: cruel, brutal, merciless Antonym/Non- Example: pity, compassion, kind Does your work look something like this?

5. Word: skirmish My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition:Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non- Example: Does your work look something like this?

6. Word: skirmish My Understanding: 4 3 2 1 Definition: a brisk conflict or Draw a picture of it: encounter Sentence: The Synonym/ Example: brief fight, short battle Antonym/Non- Example: negotiation, peace Does your work look something like this?

7. Imagine this Scenario  You come upon two students fighting in the hallway. They are surrounded by a circle of classmates; some encouraging the combatants, the others looking afraid.  A teacher appears on the scene and breaks up the fight. How should the teacher determine what happened?  What if the teacher only listens to one of the student’s story, not the other’s side of the story? Is that fair and reasonable?  Later, a principal has to determine the combatants’ fate. How does the principal, who didn’t even see the fight, figure out what to do with them?

8. Today we will learn…  History Objective – We will compare and contrast primary sources about the Battle of Bear River/ Bear River Massacre to learn about this event.  Behavior Objective – Courtesy & Respect: We will discuss our ideas and listen to others respectfully.  Language Objective - We will read the sources and discuss them with a small group, then compare the source with another perspective of the event.

9. Primary vs. Secondary?  Primary Source  A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study.  These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event. offer  Examples  Some types of primary sources include: ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records  Some types of primary sources include: ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records  CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art  CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art  RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings furniture

10. Primary vs. Secondary?  Secondary Source  A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event.  Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them.  Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them.  Examples  Some types of secondary sources include: PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias  Some types of secondary sources include: PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias  Examples of secondary sources include: A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings  Examples of secondary sources include: A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings  A history textbook  A history textbook  A book about the effects ofWWI

11. Background Facts  In the last chapter we learned that there was conflict between the settlers and the Native Americans in the Salt Lake area.  As more settlements spread into northern Utah, what do you think will happen?

12. Where did it happen?  The Bear River Massacre/Battle took place just north of Preston here in Cache Valley.

13. People to Know Patrick Connor Chief Sagwitch

14. Instructions  With your group, read the primary document that you have been given.  Then answer the questions on the front side of the yellow paper on your own piece of paper.

15. Let’s read…and discuss!

16. Instructions  Now you will reorganize into a new group that has people representing both documents.  Each side should read their summary of what happened in the document, then the other side does the same with their summary.

17. Bear River, a continuing story  This monument was erected at the site of the Bear River event.  Each side tells a slightly different version of the story.

18. The First Marker…  This monument was erected in 1932 by the Franklin County Chapter of Daughters of the Utah Pioneers and other local associations.  Whose side does this part of the monument take?

19. Yet another marker…  This was later added to another side of the monument.  How is it similar to the first plaque?  How is it different than the earlier one?

20. Changing Ideas…  This monument has a different tone than the first monument.  When do you think it was built?

21. Colonel Connor’s Account Gets Competition  For many years the only side of the Bear River story that people accepted was Colonel Connor’s and those that supported his version of events.  In the last thirty years, the Shoshone’s side of the story has begun to be recognized.

22. An addition to the original monument…  This sign was added to the original marker site.  How is different than the others?  Which perspective does it take of the incident?

23. A new monument for a new century.  As the Shoshone perspective of Bear River has gained acceptance among scholars  The tribe has begun to regain land at the sight of the massacre, they have created a new monument to give their side of what happened.

24. A more complete story…

25. A Continuing Search for “What Really Happened”…  As historians continue to find more primary sources about the Bear River Massacre, history continues to adapt to these new perspectives.