1. Energy Development Schemes/ Energy Programs
Conference on Climate Change and Energy Cooperation in South Asia   Organized by: SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SAARC CCI) In Collaboration with: Bhutan Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BCCI) Supported by: Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die Freiheit   Hotel Zhiwaling, Paro, Bhutan April, 2012  
Energy Development Schemes/ Energy Programs
Mollah Amzad Hossain
Editor, Energy & Power
Bangladesh

2. Bangladesh at a Glance Official Name : People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Political System : Parliamentary Democracy
Population : 148 Million
Area : 147,570 km
Time Zone : GMT+6 Hours
GDP Total : USD 112 b (FY 2011)
GDP Per Capita : USD 755 (FY 2011)
Total Exports : USD 23 Billion (FY 2011)
Total Import : USD 34 Billion (FY 2011)
Forex Reserve : USD 12 Billion (FY 2011)
Currency : BDT (1 BDT = 1.22 US Cents)
Major Citites : Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Barisal. 2

3. Primary Fuel Supply Scenario
Gas: No significant gas discovery in recent years; Depleting gas reserve restricts gas-based power generation
Coal: Near term option; Indigenous or Imported; Base Load;
Oil: Volatile market; High price; For peaking plant
LNG: Necessary to ensure reliable gas supply
Nuclear: No pollution; Expected to be future Base-Load option, Safe and reliable technology; 3

4. Energy Development Schemes/Energy Programs Bangladesh Energy Scenario
Electricity Growth : 14 % (July-Jan FY-2012) (Av. 7 % since 1990)
Generation Capacity : MW (March, 2012)
Total Consumers : Million
Transmission Lines : 8,600 km
Distribution Lines : 2,78,000 km
Per Capita Generation : kWh (incl. Captive)
Access to Electricity : 53 %

5. Present Power Generation Capacity (March, 2012)
Public Sector
SL.
Generation Capacity (MW) 1.
BPDB
3483 2.
APSCL
662 3.
EGCB
210
Subtotal
4,355 (54 %)
Private Sector
IPPs
1272
SIPPs (BPDB) 99
SIPPs (REB)
226 4.
15 YR. Rental
168 5.
3/5 YR. Rental
554 6.
Quick Rental
1331
3,650 (46 %)
Total
8,005
Considering 20% Maintenance and Forced Outage, Available Generation Capacity is about 6400 MW without fuel constraint 5

6. Energy Development Schemes/Energy Programs Bangladesh Energy Scenario
Total 24 Hours Demand Around 200 Mkwh
Installed Generation Capacity 192 Mkwh
Total Farm Generation Capacity Around 154 Mkwh
From Natural Gas Capacity Around 108 Mkwh
From Imported Fuel Capacity Around 55 Mkwh
From Own Coal Capacity Around 8 Mkwh
From Hydro Capacity Around 8 Mkwh
Highest Generation Around 110 Mkwh
Average Generation Around 90 Mkwh
Short Supply of Energy Around 90 Mkwh (in Summer)

7. Estimated Demand Supply Gap up to 2016 (Calendar Year)
January, 2012 7

8. Fuel Mix up to 2017 27 36 35 24 19 15 CY Gas + LNG Hydro Coal
(Dom + Imp)
Power Imp + Renewable
Oil
Total (MW)
Capacity (MW) %
2011
5107
67%
220 3%
200 0%
2086 27
7,600
2012
5707
60% 2%
3432 36
9,600
2013
7283
58%
512 4%
4339 35
12,000
2014
9278
62% 1%
766 5%
630
4027
15,000
2015
10206
61%
1538 9% 24
16,000
2016
10956
3138
17%
3395 19
18,000
2017
11557
57%
4938
24%
3095 15
20,000

9. Generation Capacity by Fuel Type9 9

10. 10

11. Regional Power Exchange: Possibilities
1000MW
750MW
THAKURGAON
1000MW
SILCHAR
FENCHUGANJ
ALIDUARPUR
BOGURA
PURNIA
BARAPUKURIA
FENCHUGANJ
250MW
PALLATANA
COMILLA (N)
BHERAMARA
BAHARAMPUR
500 MW
COMILLA (N)
BAHARAMPURBHERAMARA
500MW [2013-]   500MW [2018-]  
MYANMAR
CHITTAGONG

12. Road Map for Coal Power Development (as of 2030)
Domestic Coal
K-D-P 6x1000 MW USC
K-D-P 8x 600 MW USC
Import Coal
Meghnaghat 2x600MW
Zajira/New Meg 3x600MW
Chittagong 3x660MW
Moheshkhali/Matarbari 4x600MW
Khulna 2x660MW (Dom Future)
Railway
Total 19,200MW (New)
Coal Center
Chittagong
Matarbari
Sonadia Island
　　: Potential Coal PS
　　: Potential Coal Center
　　: Ocean-going vessel
　　: Transship

13. RE, EE & Conservation
Plan to Add 5% Power from RE by 2015 and 10% by 2021
World Successful Model in Solar Home System (SHS). Already Installed 1.5 Million SHS Total Capacity 64 MWp. Plan to Installed more 1 million by next year.
Solar Irrigation: Installed 30 project and Plan to Installed 100 more
Grid Connected Solar Power Plant abound 100MW
Stan alone Roof Top Solar
Wind: 2MW Installed, More 200MW Planed. Work going on for Wind Mapping.
Biogas and Improved Cooking Stove (IVS).

14. RE, EE & Conservation GOB Enact National Renewable Policy
On Way to Form Sustainable and Renewable Energy Authority
Distributed 20 Million CFL
Draft Energy Conservation Act ready for Pass
Energy Efficient Buildings Act Way to Final
Energy Auditing and Product Leveling Way to Start.

15. Investment by 2030 (Gen & Tran)
Fuel Type
Capacity (MW)
Investment (Billion US$)
Domestic Coal
9850
13.92
Imported Coal
7800
12.47
Natural Gas
8956
7.63
Furnace Oil
5217
5.89
Diesel
500
0.56
Hydro
100
0.14 RE
111
0.36
Cross Border Power
3500
------
Sub Total
36034
40.97
Transmission
7.53
Total
48.5

16. Investment
Apart from That GOB need $17 Billion more for Built LNG Terminal and Coal Import Infrastructure.
Power Purchase from IPP, SIPP, Rental $ 1 Billion/Annually
Annual Cost for Gas, Coal, LNG and Fuel Oil Cost not Included in Earlier Slide (Expert Opinion -- Gas $550M, Coal $3B, LNG $2.5B and Fuel Oil $3B/ Annually)
Local Finance Not Enough Need FDI

17. Regional Energy Scenario
Bangladesh 8000 MW Shortage 40-50%
Bhutan 1488 MW, No Shortage, Export to India
Pakistan MW, Shortage MW
Nepal 714 MW Monsoon Supply 660MW Winter 325MW Power cut 12 to 16 Hours, Exporter and Importer
Afghanistan Around 1200MW (66% Imported)
Sri Lanka 2878MW (Costly Electricity) No Shortage
India Around 200,000MW, Peak Shortage Around 15%
All SAARC Countries are Facing Shortage of Power, Except Bhutan

18. Energy Resource Bhutan and Nepal Have Huge Hydro Potential
North East India Have Around 60,000MW Hydro Potential
Myanmar Have 7000MW Hydro Potential Near Bangladesh
India and Bangladesh Need More and More Power for their Economic Growth, But Both of them facing Shortage of Primary Energy Like Coal, Gas
Bangladesh Fully Depends on Gas (77% Power from Gas), 3 Bt Coal reserve and Around 10 TCF Gas
So, Bangladesh Needs to Import Power from neighbouring Countries

19. Regional Cooperation
Nepal-India Power Exchange; Bhutan-India power Exchange
Bangladesh-India Power Exchange (250MW+250MW) from Baharampur to Bheramara (On Going)
Bangladesh-India Power Exchange from Tripura (Proposed)
India-Sri Lanka Power Exchange (Planning Stage)
Power from Central Asia through Afghanistan-Pakistan-India;
Bangladesh-Myanmar Power Exchange

20. SAARC Energy Cooperation
SAARC Power Grid
Four-Nation Power Grid
SAARC Energy Ring
Cross-border Energy Project
Multi-lateral discussion, bilateral discussion;
Political Challenges

21. SAARC Energy Cooperation
India: regional cooperation through bilateral cooperation
Main obstacle was to start India-Bangladesh power Exchange
India-Bangladesh-India Power Exchange (develop N-E hydro resources)

22. Challenges Transforming bilateral Power Exchange into Multi-lateral
Four-nation Power Grid (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal)
Four-nation Power Pool, Power Trading
Competition and Low-carbon Development

23. Political Challenges India should Take the Lead
India-Pakistan Energy Exchange
Pump Energy from Central Asia and the Middle East
SAARC Energy Resources Fall Short of it Requirement;
Start Working on Outside SAARC Cooperation by Now

24. Conclusion Political Leadership Should Find Cooperation Formulae
Identify Technical Barriers & Solve Them
Legal Framework
Efficient Use of Energy
Energy Conservation