1. Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Coastal Research and Planning Institute, Klaipėda University 84 H. Manto Str., LT-92294, Klaipėda, Lithuania, albertas.bitinas@corpi.lt Albertas Bitinas

2. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 The main obstacles for reliable reconstruction of geological development and changes of paleogeographic situation in the southeastern Baltic during different stages of the Baltic Sea formation are:  Unsolved problems of sediment’s geochronology and trustworthy correlation of geological sections  Estimation of glacioisostatic rebound and reconstruction of real eustatic sea level changes after the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet decay and during the Holocene

3. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 Relative sea level change curves (black) compared to the eustatic curve (blue) and the isostatic component (red) at nine locations in the Baltic Sea coast area. Locations 1–3 are dominated by climatically controlled sea level rise, whereas 6–8 are mainly determined by isostatic uplift exceeding the sea level rise clearly. Sites 4, 5, and 9 are allocated to a transition type. Curves: 1 and 2: Lampe et al. (2007), curve 3: U´scinowicz (2006), curve 4: Veski et al. (in press), curve 5: Miettinen (2004), curve 6: Linden et al. (2006), curve 7: Berglund (2004), curve 8: Karlsson and Risberg (2005), curve 9: Berglund (1964) (Harff, Meyer, 2011)

4. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 (Harff, Meyer, 2011) Vertical crustal displacement (mm/year) for the central Baltic and for the western Baltic Sea for the twentieth century

5. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 Left panel: Differences of earth elevations (RSL7700, RSL5000, RSL3000) to present time elevation of the Baltic Sea area. Right panel: Palaeogeographic scenarios (palaeo-digital elevation scenarios DEM7700, DEM5000, DEM3000). The comparison of DEM7700, DEM5000, and DEM3000 shows clearly the synchronous regression of the sea at the northern rim of the Baltic Basin and transgression at its southern coast. The process of transgression has been systematically analyzed within the frame of a research project SINCOS (Sinking Coasts) between 2003 and 2008 (Harff and Lüth, 2009) (Harff, Meyer, 2011)

6. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 Paleogeographic map showing the Ancylus Lake during the maximum transgression at ca. 10.5 ka BP ( Andrén et al., 2011) ?

7. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 Colour shaded palaeorelief scheme of the Ancylus Lake stage (after J.Šečkus, 2005)

8. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012

9. (after Jantunen & Donner, 1996)

10. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 (after A.Raukas, 2000)

11. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 (Kabailienė,1999)

12. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 (after S.Uścinowicz et al., 2007)

13. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 (after Lampe et al., 2005)

14. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 (after Gelumbauskaitė & Šečkus, 2005) (Бадюкова и др., 2007)

15. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 (after Gelumbauskaitė, 2009)

16. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 Reconstruction of relative sea level fluctuation of the Baltic Sea basins during the Late Glacial and Holocene. 1 – terrace, 2 –tree stump, 3 – marine lagoon sediments, 4 – freshwater lagoon sediments, 5 – peat, 6 – molluscs remnants, 7 – archaeological findings, 8 –shoreline position in the different sectors of the Lithuanian Coastal Region: northern – blue, central – green, southern – red. (Damušytė, 2011)

17. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 In 2010 -2011 seabed images in the area of 30 sq.km. were received by side scan sonar and multibeam Anno 2011 the tree stumps and prostrate logs on the seabed are investigated. About 300 objects are identified as trees. Pic. Erikas Visakavičius (Žulkus, Girininkas, 2011)

18. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 Log RF-I-C-2 30 cm in diameter 141 rings 141 readable annual rings Depth 25 m. Log RF-I-C-3 57 cm in diameter 117 annual rings (Žulkus, Girininkas, 2011)

19. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 PEAT: cal 8380-8190 BP Radiocarbon dating of tree trunks: 10387 ± 121 cal BP 8437 ± 121 cal BC 10341 ± 143 cal BP 8391 ± 143 cal BC 10387 ± 120 cal BP 8437 ± 120 cal BC (Žulkus, Girininkas, 2011)

20. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 The old shoreline is marked by relicts of the coastal cliffs 15 km from present schoreline in the depth of 37-40 metres. (Žulkus, 2010)

21. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 ~30 km ~15 km ~50 km PINUS FOREST Former reconstruction of the Yoldia Sea coast (according to J. Šečkus, 2007) (Žulkus, Girininkas, 2011)

22. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 (after V. Gudelis, 1979)

23. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 Baltic Sea terraces in the northern part of Lithuanian Maritime region. Terraces: 1 – Baltic Ice Lake (B), 2 – Litorina Sea (L), 3 – Post-Litorina Sea (PL), 4 – longitudinal profile of terrace: a – location of profile; b – morphology of terrace surface; measured altitudes of terrace surface indicated by black dots, 5 – tectonic fault

24. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012

26. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during the Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012 Thank you for attention !

27. A. Bitinas Problems of reconstruction of the Baltic Sea level fluctuation during Late Glacial and Holocene Pärnu, Estonia, 10-15 September 2012