1. Do now! Can you remember the difference between a factual and a verbal dispute?

2. Nominal Fallacy Assuming we have explained something just because we have named it

3. Nominal Fallacy “Why is iron attracted to a magnet?” “Because iron is magnetic”

4. Nominal Fallacy “Why are there many tribal wars in Papua New Guinea?” “Many people there have group aggressive syndrome”

5. Nominal Fallacy “Why is lead heavy” “Because it is very dense”

6. Nominal fallacy Try to spot the nominal fallacies in the following;

7. Nominal Fallacy? “What caused the baby’s death” “Sudden Infant Death Syndrome”

8. Nominal Fallacy? “Why did the water pipes burst?” “Because the temperature fell below zero(freezing), and when water freezes it expands”

9. Nominal Fallacy? “What caused the earthquake” “A sudden movement of rocks beneath the earth’s surface”

10. Nominal Fallacy? “Why does sugar dissolve in water?” “Because it is soluble”

11. Nominal Fallacy? “Why did the apple fall to the ground?” “Because of gravity”

12. Nominal Fallacy? “Why did the apple fall to the ground?” “Because of gravity”

13. Nominal Fallacy? “Why did the apple fall to the ground?” “Because of gravity” COOL!

14. Nominal Fallacy? “Why did Peter Sutcliffe murder 13 people” “Because he is insane”

15. Nominal Fallacy? “Why did the stock market fall yesterday?” “Because of a technical adjustment and profit- taking by investors”

16. Empirical propositions and value judgements

17. Many words have positive and negative connotations that can blur the distinction between a fact and a value

18. Connotations Blair is a murderer

19. Connotations Cristina is a spinster

20. Connotations Albert is brainy

21. Connotations Can you think of some propositions of your own in which an empirical proposition is turned into a value judgement by a connotation?

22. Relevant facts Some empirical facts may be relevant to the justification of value judgements

23. Relevant facts Gary is a bad man

24. Relevant facts Tiger is a good golfer

25. Relevant facts Oslo International School is a good school

26. Empirical propositions and metaphysics

27. Some empirical facts may be relevant to the justification of our metaphysical beliefs

28. Empirical propositions and metaphysics God created the universe in six days about 6000 years ago.

29. Push hard enough! If you push an empirical proposition hard enough, it collapses into a metaphysical one. Empirical proposition

30. Push hard enough! If you push an empirical proposition hard enough, it collapses into a metaphysical one. Metaphysical proposition

31. Push hard enough! I know that my car is parked outside But how can you be sure you are not dreaming?

32. Push hard enough! I know that all metals expand when heated. But how can you be sure the laws of physics will hold tomorrow ?

33. Push hard enough! I know that World War 2 started in 1939 But how can you be sure the past really exists?

34. Push hard enough! I know that World War 2 started in 1939 But how can you be sure the past really exists? Who cares?

35. Fortunately we have seen that you don’t need complete certainty to say you “know” something!