1. Frequency Independent Antenna Log Periodic Antennas Self-complementary: When metal is replaced by air and vice versa, the resultant antenna is identical to the original one Teeth width and gap equalized:

2. Frequency Independent Antenna Log Periodic Antennas

3. Frequency Independent Antenna Log Periodic Dipole Array (N elements)

4. Frequency Independent Antenna Log Periodic Dipole Array (N elements)

5. Frequency Independent Antenna Log Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) Gain contour

6. Frequency Independent Antenna LPDA Design Example Gain contour

7. Frequency Independent Antenna LPDA Design Example 2.780.828 2.290.682 1.880.560 1.540.459 1.270.378 1.040.310 0.8580.256 0.7050.210 0.579N/A

8. Frequency Independent Antenna LPDA Design Example II

9. Frequency Independent Antenna LPDA Example II Voltages

10. Frequency Independent Antenna LPDA Example II Currents

11. Frequency Independent Antenna LPDA Example II: Patterns

12. Frequency Independent Antenna LPDA feed schemes

13. Frequency Independent Antenna LPDA feed schemes

14. Yagi-Uda Antenna Antenna with parasitic elements ~ Driven element Reflector Directors

15. Yagi-Uda Antenna

17. Computer program (Prof. Balanis)

18. Yagi-Uda Antenna Computer program (Prof. Balanis) E-plane pattern (red) H-plane pattern (blue) HPBW: 26.48 (E), 27.37(H) Directivity: 14.8 dB

19. Yagi-Uda Antenna Computer program (Prof. Balanis) E-plane pattern (red) H-plane pattern (blue) HPBW: 26.48 (E), 27.37(H) Directivity: 14.8 dB Front to back ratio: o 31.1 dB (E) o 31.0 dB (H)