1. HR Research Where to Find Answers on the Internet

2. Overview ●The “rules of the game” come from a variety of sources: o Statutes (Laws) o Regulations/Rules o Enforcement Agency Guidance o Administrative Decisions o Attorney General Opinions o Executive Orders o Judicial Opinions/Orders

3. Statutory Overview ●Bills are proposed and acted on by Congress or the Montana Legislature o Federal Bills are published by Library of Congress o Montana Bills are published by Legislative Council ●One adopted, new law is published as a “session law” ●Once codified (by subject matter): o Federal laws are published in the United States Code o Montana laws are published in the Montana Codes Annotated

4. Federal Laws ●Congressional Bills are at www.congress.govwww.congress.gov ●USC is online at http://uscode.house.gov/http://uscode.house.gov/ o USC subject indexed by Title and Section Number o Example: Title 29 is Labor, Title 42 is Public Health and Welfare o Section 42 USC 2000e is The Civil Rights Act of 1964 Section 42 USC 2000e

5. Montana Laws ●Legislative Bills are at the Legislative Council website o http://leg.mt.gov http://leg.mt.gov o Click on session- then 2015 Session o Click on Laws, then “look up Bill Information o Bill detail not available until approved by sponsor ●MCA is subject indexed by Title, Chapter and SectionMCA o Example: Title 39 is “Labor” o Chapter 3 is Wage and Hour o Section 39-3-406 is the listing of exempt positions

6. Regulatory Overview ●Administrative Procedures Act establishes process ●NOPR= Notice of proposed rulemaking ●FR= Federal Register-- the daily publication of proposed and adopted rules ●CFR= Code of Federal Regulations- Grouped by issuing Agency ●MAR- Montana Administrative Register ●ARM- Administrative Rules of Montana

7. Federal Regulations ●Federal Register is published daily by the Government Printing Office and can be found at: o http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?c ollectionCode=FR http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?c ollectionCode=FR o Regulations.gov has regulations being considered Regulations.gov ●Once adopted, regulations are published in the Electronic Code of Federal Regulation. (http://www.ecfr.gov)http://www.ecfr.gov

8. Guide Guide to Federal Regulations ●Title 29- Labor Topics o http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text- idx?SID=2ec5a88f232f45053269ec4a16e5e188&tpl =/ecfrbrowse/Title29/29tab_02.tpl http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text- idx?SID=2ec5a88f232f45053269ec4a16e5e188&tpl =/ecfrbrowse/Title29/29tab_02.tpl ●Title 49- Transportation Drug Testing o http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text- idx?SID=2ec5a88f232f45053269ec4a16e5e188&no de=pt49.1.40&rgn=div5 http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text- idx?SID=2ec5a88f232f45053269ec4a16e5e188&no de=pt49.1.40&rgn=div5

9. Montana Regulations ●A law must authorize rulemaking ●NOPRs are published at www.mtrules.org by the Secretary of State in the Montana Administrative Registerwww.mtrules.org ●Notices of Adoption of rules also published in the ARM ●Once adopted, rules are filed by issuing agency and Division at mtrules.org ●Example: Title 24 is MT Dept of Labor o Chapter 16 is Wage and Hour

10. Federal Guidance ●Various Agencies publish interpretive instructions: o US Department of Labor ▪ Field Operations Handbook at http://www.dol.gov/whd/FOH/http://www.dol.gov/whd/FOH/ ▪ Opinion Letters at http://www.dol.gov/whd/opinion/opinion.htmhttp://www.dol.gov/whd/opinion/opinion.htm o Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ▪ Guidance Documents at http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/subject.cfm http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/subject.cfm ●US DOL e-laws advisors http://www.dol.gov/elaws/http://www.dol.gov/elaws/

11. State Guidance ●Montana Wage and Hour o W&H Q&As http://erd.dli.mt.gov/labor-standards/wage-and-hour- payment-acthttp://erd.dli.mt.gov/labor-standards/wage-and-hour- payment-act

12. Judicial System Overview ●District v. Appeals Courts o Montana is One Federal District o State has 22 Judicial Districts State has 22 Judicial Districts ●9th Circuit Court of Appeals9th Circuit Court of Appeals ▪ Decisions Apply in 11 Western states ▪ No Intermediate Appeals court in Montana ●US Supreme Court decisions apply nationwide o Not all appeals are accepted ●Montana Supreme Court applies statewide o All appeals must be accepted

13. Federal Court Decisions ●District Court Decisions on-line for a subscription fee ●9th Circuit Decisions at www.ca9.uscourts.gov/opinions/www.ca9.uscourts.gov/opinions/ ●Other Circuits at http://www.law.cornell.edu/federal/opinions http://www.law.cornell.edu/federal/opinions ●US Supreme Court at http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/opinions.aspx http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/opinions.aspx ●Blog feeds available at http://lists.willamette.edu/mailman/listinfo http://lists.willamette.edu/mailman/listinfo

14. Montana Court Decisions ●District Court decisions not on-line ●Supreme Court Decisions at http://searchcourts.mt.govhttp://searchcourts.mt.gov o Subscribe to Blog at http://mtlawlibrary.wordpress.com/ http://mtlawlibrary.wordpress.com/ ●MT Workers’ Compensation Court o Opinions http://wcc.dli.mt.gov/cases.asphttp://wcc.dli.mt.gov/cases.asp o Subject Matter Reference http://wcc.dli.mt.gov/tools/maintopics_keywords.asp http://wcc.dli.mt.gov/tools/maintopics_keywords.asp

15. Federal Agency Decisions ●Many agencies publish their administrative decisions on line. o Generally search for [agency name] + decision ●Example: o http://www.nlrb.gov/cases-decisions http://www.nlrb.gov/cases-decisions ●Presidential Executive Orders- http://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential- actions/executive-orders http://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential- actions/executive-orders

16. Montana Agency Decisions ●MT Department of Labor and Industry o Human Rights Bureau Decisions- http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/decisions http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/decisions o Wage and Hour Decisions http://dli.mt.gov/hearings/decisions#k=Wage %26 Hour http://dli.mt.gov/hearings/decisions#k=Wage %26 Hour ●Governor’s Executive Orders- http://governor.mt.gov/Home/Governor/eo.aspx http://governor.mt.gov/Home/Governor/eo.aspx

17. AG Opinions ●MT Attorney General Opinions have the force of law o Since 1993 https://dojmt.gov/?s=opinionshttps://dojmt.gov/?s=opinions o Prior to 1993 http://www.mtcounties.org/resources/attorney- general-opinions-letters-advice/attorney-generals- opinions-letters-advice http://www.mtcounties.org/resources/attorney- general-opinions-letters-advice/attorney-generals- opinions-letters-advice

18. Labor Market Information ●Federal: o Bureau of Labor Statistics o American Fact Finder (Census Bureau) American Fact Finder (Census Bureau) ▪ EEO File ▪ Census of Governments ▪ Employment by Census Unit o Wage Determinations under SCA and Davis Bacon http://www.wdol.gov/dba.aspx http://www.wdol.gov/dba.aspx

19. Montana Labor Market Resources ●Montana o MT Reseach and Analysis http://www.ourfactsyour future.orghttp://www.ourfactsyour future.org ▪ Employment and Unemployment ▪ County Reports ▪ Informational Wage Rates

20. Other Useful Resources ●Occupational Network Provides detailed job description information, occupational outlooks and wages o http://www.onetonline.org http://www.onetonline.org ●DLI employer Information http://dli.mt.gov/employershttp://dli.mt.gov/employers ●Personnel Plus’ HR Professionals http://www.personnel-plus.net/subscribe.html http://www.personnel-plus.net/subscribe.html o Archives http://www.personnel- plus.net/archives.htmlhttp://www.personnel- plus.net/archives.html

21. Other Useful Information ●Guide to Montana's Discrimination Laws http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights-laws http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights-laws ●Employment Discrimination is Against the Law http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights- laws/employment-discrimination http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights- laws/employment-discrimination ●Rights of Persons with Disabilities http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights- laws/rights-of-persons-with-disabilities http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights- laws/rights-of-persons-with-disabilities Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights-laws/sex- and-pregnancy-discrimination Legal Rights of Pregnant Employees http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights-laws/sex- and-pregnancy-discrimination/legal-rights-of-pregnant- employees Human Rights Web-Based Training http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/resources-and-education

22. Useful Links ●Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights-laws/sex-and-pregnancy- discrimination http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights-laws/sex-and-pregnancy- discrimination ●Legal Rights of Pregnant Employees http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights-laws/sex-and-pregnancy- discrimination/legal-rights-of-pregnant-employees http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/human-rights-laws/sex-and-pregnancy- discrimination/legal-rights-of-pregnant-employees ● Human Rights Web-Based Training http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/resources-and-education http://erd.dli.mt.gov/human-rights/resources-and-education

23. Posters ●Federal Poster Page- o Which Posters Do I need? http://www.dol.gov/elaws/posters.htm http://www.dol.gov/elaws/posters.htm o Print federal posters- http://www.dol.gov/whd/resources/posters.htm http://www.dol.gov/whd/resources/posters.htm o Print federal and state posters http://wsd.dli.mt.gov/service/posters.asp http://wsd.dli.mt.gov/service/posters.asp

24. Wrapup ●Questions?