1. Fighting for Independence Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Pages 346-352

2. Compare Armies Americans –No uniforms –No training –Limited food –Many no weapons –Most are farmers –Articles of Confederation created a problem with congress getting supplies British –Mercenaries (Hessians) –Uniforms –Weapons –More soldiers –Trained soldiers –Problems: wait for supplies; Replacement soldiers; Not knowing the layout of the land

3. Early Battles in the North Battle of Long Island – spring 1776; Americans suffer great loss Washington & troops go down to NJ then PA Gen. Howe (British) stays in NY

4. Surprise Attack Dec. 1776 Washington in PA Plans a surprise attack on the Hessians in Trenton, NJ Christmas night 1776 – Washington crosses the Delaware River and attacks the Hessians The Hessians surrendered

6. An Important Victory 1777 – New British Campaign (a series of military actions carried out for a certain goal) Goal: To separate New England colonies form the other colonies by controlling NY Troops from Canada led by John Burgoyne was going to meet troops in Albany, NY Didn’t work because the troops from Canada got stopped by battles

8. Battle of Saratoga American troops surround Burgoyne’s troops in Saratoga, NY 2 battles over 3 weeks American General, Benedict Arnold led a daring attack (2 nd battle) Oct. 17, Burgoyne (British) surrenders The Battle of Saratoga = Turning Point

9. Valley Forge Fall 1777 – British take of Philadelphia Americans move to Valley Forge, PA Harsh winter: no $; clothing torn/burned; some no shoes

11. Help arrives Lafayette – France – comes to help Washington & troops Uses his own $$ to buy clothes Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben – arrives from Germany –Teaches the Americans how to fight

13. Help from France Benjamin Franklin in France negotiating Negotiate – to try to reach an agreement among different people Provided “secret” help because they thought the British would win Battle of Saratoga – America wins – France helps openly

14. More help Spanish – Bernardo de Galvez, Spanish governor of Louisiana: Gave guns, food, money & Jorge Farragut, came from Spain to fight with Americans Netherlands – gives congress money Russia – try to prevent Britain from blockading trade