2.  Obruchev Glacier is located in the Polar Urals. It is a typical temperate cirque glacier and it covers an area of 0.3 km 2. The glacier is 0.9 km long. The altitude is ranging from 397 m (in 1981) to 650 m a.s.l. The mean ELA is located at 520 m a.s.l. The glacier has a maximum depth of 120 m. The velocity of the ice movement is up to 6 m per year. Between 1960 and 1981 Institute of Geography of USSR Academy of Sciences (now the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences) carried out complex glaciological investigations every year semi- stationary (summer). Most of them were early measurements of winter and net (at the end of the ablation season) mass balance using poles and snow measuring probes.