1. Herbert H.G. Wettig & Ulrike Franke Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Theraplay on Receptive Language Disorder 2 Studies evaluating the Effectiveness of Theraplay on toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of both receptive language disorder, and oppositional defiant behaviour, or shy interaction behaviour or autistic-like-like lack of social mutuality in interaction. January 2004

2. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 2 Overview Statements on Language Comprehension disorder Selected Samples (with Receptive Language Disorder) The Effectiveness of Theraplay –in toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant interaction behaviour, –in toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and shy interaction behaviour, –in toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and autistic-like-like lack of social mutuality in interaction.

3. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 3 Statements on Language Comprehension and Receptive Language Disorder: Until now little research is available Reference: B. Zollinger, 1995. Disorder of Language Comprehension. Edition SZH, 109-122 A large number of authors describe how and when children speak their first words and sentences. But, there are only isolated publications on the development of language comprehension disorder. – What are the reasons? Language comprehension can not be directly observed due to only being a reaction. If the hypothesis were true that language comprehension is followed by speech production than developmental language and speech production disorders as well as language comprehension need to be clarified. But this is seldom the case. Specific therapeutic approaches on language comprehension or receptive language disorder do not exist.

4. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 4 Statements on Language Comprehension and Receptive Language Disorder: Receptive Language disorder Language Comprehension is closely connected to the total development of the child. The development of language comprehension is embedded in the development of thought. (K. Sarimski, 1984, 29, cited. in Mathieu, 1995, 37) A child’s lack of language comprehension limits important experiences and therefore makes developmental progress impossible. (S. Mathieu, 1995. Vergleichende Untersuchung. In: VHN 64, 36-52)

5. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 5 Receptive Language Disorder Reference. CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999), German version of the Clinical Assessment Scale for Child and Adolescent Psychopathology Fundamental characteristics: … a lack of language comprehension, especially marked within the child’s vocabulary. …when in ratio to age and intelligence the degree of markedness is beyond the norm....when a child does not comprehend a large portion of what the primary caretaker says. DD: Receptive language disorder differs from expressive language disorder as well as from autistic-like spectrum disorder.

6. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 6 Selected Samples with receptive language disorder (language comprehension disorder) CLS N= 52 children with receptive language disorder* total N= 19 children* with oppositional defiant behaviour N= 20 children* with shy interaction behaviour N= 14 children* with an autistic-like lack of social mutuality N= 30 clinically not symptomatic toddlers and preschool children of the same age and gender structure. (matched sample) MCS N=164 children with receptive language disorder* total N= 95 children* with oppositional defiant behaviour N= 82 children* with shy interaction behaviour N= 42 children* with an autistic-like lack of social mutuality

7. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 7 The Effectiveness of Theraplay on toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of Oppositional Defiant Behaviour and Receptive Language Disorder

8. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 8 Oppositional Defiant Behaviour Reference: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Clinical Assessment Scale for Child and Adolescent Psychopathology The child provokes confrontation. The child hits, kicks and bites others. The child intentionally tries to hurt others. The child tortures animals and others. (DD: Behaviour differs from Aggression, Dominance, hot-tempered Irritability)

9. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 9 Gender, Age and Status of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour CLS: N=19 children 79% boys (N=15) 21% girls (N=4) 3,75 :1 ratio boys:girls 4;03 average age in years 4;01 years - boys 5;03 years - girls Social Status: 79% 15 legitimate children 16% 3 illegitimate children 5% 1 adopted child (1 no answer) MCS: N=95 children 72% boys (N=68) 28% girls (N=27) 2,5 :1 ratio boys:girls 4;05 average age in years 4;04 years - boys 4;08 years - girls Social Status 74% 68 legitimate children 24% 22 illegitimate children 2% 2 foster children (3 no answer)

10. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 10 Status of the Mother and Upbringing of the Child of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour CLS: N=19 children 83% 15 married mothers no unmarried mothers living together with p. 17% 3 separated mothers no widowed or single mothers (1 no answer) 88% 15 both parents involved 12% 2 single parent (2 no answer) 95% 18 born in Germany 95% 18 German as mother tongue 17% 3 bilingual upbringing 63% 12 are in Kindergarten MCS: N=95 children 53% 50 married mothers 12% 11 unmarried mothers living together with a partner 13% 12 separated mothers 1% 1 widowed mother 20% 18 single mothers (3 no answer) 67% 63 both parents involved 33% 31 single parent (1 no answer) 87% 81 born in Germany 94% 89 German as mother tongue 15% 14 bilingual upbringing 77% 73 are in Kindergarten

11. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 11 Degree of Markedness of the Symptoms of Social Interaction Disorder as well as Receptive Language disorder of children with oppositional defiant behaviour A Comparison of clinically conspicuous toddlers and preschool children with clinically not symptomatic children

12. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 12 Oppositional Defiant Behaviour of children with receptive language disorder Average of Degree of Markedness Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

13. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 13 Unwillingness to Cooperate of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Average Degree of Markedness of receptive language disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

14. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 14 Inattentiveness of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Average Degree of Markedness of receptive language disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

15. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 15 Degree of Receptive Language Disorder of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Average Degree of Markedness Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

16. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 16 Reduction of Social Interaction Disorders as well as Receptive Language Disorder of children with oppositional defiant behaviour after Treatment with Theraplay A Comparison of clinically conspicuous toddlers and preschool children with the ‘norm‘ of clinically not symptomatic children

17. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 17 Reduction of Oppositional Defiant Behaviour of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

18. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 18 Reduction of Unwillingness to Cooperate of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

19. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 19 Reduction of Inattentiveness of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

20. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 20 Reduction of Receptive Language Disorder of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

21. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 21 Clinical and statistical Significance of Reduction of Symptoms after Treatment with Theraplay G=Mean after CASCAP-D,  =Change, s=Standard deviation 4-point scale: 1=not noticeable; Symptom: 2=slight...,3=marked, 4= strong Symptoms CLS N=19 oppos. defiant MCS N=95 oppos. defiant TT-B  TT-E G  G sprob.> F TT-B  TT-E G  G sprob.> F oppositional defiant 3.2  1.4 0.90.0001 3.2  1.6 0.80.0001 uncooperative 3.1  1.4 1.10.0001 3.0  1.5 1.10.0001 inattentive 2.9  1.4 1.10.0025 3.1  2.0 1.00.0001 receptive language disorder 2.9  2.1 0.90.0010 3.0  2,0 0.80.0001

22. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 22 Duration of Therapy of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour (Number of therapeutic 30-minute sessions) Means

23. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 23 Lasting Effects of the Therapeutic Success 2 years after treatment of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour with Theraplay A Comparison of clinically conspicuous toddlers and preschool children with of ‘norm‘ of clinically not symptomatic children

24. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 24 Lasting Effects of the Reduced Oppositional Defiant Behaviour of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

25. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 25 Lasting Effects of the Reduced Unwillingness to Cooperate of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

26. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 26 Lasting Effects of the Reduced Inattentiveness of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

27. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 27 Lasting Effects of the Reduced Receptive Language Disorder of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

28. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 28 Improvement of Language Comprehension of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: Pizzamiglio-Sprachverständnistest after B. Zollinger Means

29. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 29 The Effectiveness of Theraplay on toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of Shy Interaction Behaviour and Receptive Language Disorder

30. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 30 Shy Social Interaction Behaviour Reference: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) The child feels evidently very insecure and unpleasant in many situations. The child nearly always speaks – if any – quietly, stutters and blushes shyly. The child avoids making eye-contact. Due to his insecurity the child avoids almost every contact with peers. The child rarely opposes unjustified wishes or demands of peers. DD: Shy social behaviour differs from over adaption, social seclusion, social phobia, low self-esteem and disinterest.

31. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 31 Gender, Age and Status of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of shy interaction and receptive language disorder CLS: N=20 children 70% boys (N=14) 30% girls (N=6) 2,3 :1 ratio boys:girls 4;01 years average age 4;05 years - boys 3,06 years – girls 74% 14 legitimate children 21% 4 illegitimate child 5% 1 adopted child (1 no answer) MCS: N=82 children 67% boys (N=55) 33% girls (N=27) 2,0 :1 ratio boys:girls 4;03 years average age 4;03 years - boys 4;02 years – girls 73% 58 legitimate children 20% 16 illegitimate child 6% 5 adopted/foster child (3 no answer)

32. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 32 Status of Mother and Upbringing of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of shy interaction and receptive language disorder CLS: N=20 children 90% 17 married mothers 5% 1 separated 5% 1 single mother (1 no answer) in upbringing 88% 15 both parents involved 6% 1 single parent mother 6% 1 single parent father (3 no answer) 95% 19 born in Germany 95% 19 German mother tongue 11% 2 bilingual upbringing 75% 15 are in Kindergarten MCS: N=82 children 67% 54 married mothers 10% 8 unmarried mothers living together with a partner 5% 4 separated 19% 15 single mothers (1 no a.) in upbringing 75% 61 both parents involved 25% 20 single parent (1 no answer) 80% 63 born in Germany 89% 72 German mother tongue 19% 15 bilingual upbringing 75% 60 are in Kindergarten

33. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 33 Degree of Markedness of the Symptoms of Social Interaction Disorder as well as Receptive Language disorder of children with shy interaction behaviour A Comparison of clinically conspicuous toddlers and preschool children with clinically not symptomatic children

34. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 34 Degree of Shyness of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of shy interaction and receptive language disorder of shy children with Average Degree of Markedness Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

35. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 35 Degree of Uncooperative Behaviour of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of shy interaction and receptive language disorder of shy Average Degree of Markedness Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

36. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 36 Degree of Inattentiveness of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of shy interaction and receptive language disorder of shy Average Degree of Markedness Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

37. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 37 Degree of Receptive Language Disorder of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of shy interaction and receptive language disorder of shy Average Degree of Markedness Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

38. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 38 Reduction of Social Interaction Disorders as well as Receptive Language Disorder of children with shy interaction behaviour after Treatment with Theraplay A Comparison of clinically conspicuous toddlers and preschool children with the ‘norm‘ of clinically not symptomatic children

39. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 39 Reduction of Shyness of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

40. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 40 Reduction of Unwillingness to Cooperate of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

41. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 41 Reduction of Inattentiveness of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

42. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 42 Reduction of Receptive Language Disorder of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

43. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 43 Clinical and Statistical Significance of Reduction of Symptoms after Treatment with Theraplay G=Mean after CASCAP-D,  =Change, s=Standard deviation 4-point scale: 1=not noticeable; Symptom: 2=slight...,3=marked, 4= strong Symptoms CLS N=20 shy children with receptive language disorder MCS N=82 shy children with receptive language disorder TT-B  TT-E G  G sprob.> F TT-B  TT-E G  G sprob.> F receptive language disorder 3.0  2.2 0.90.0013 3.1  1.9 0.90.0001 shy 2,5  1.1 0.90.0001 2,9  1.2 0.80.0001 inattentive 2.4  1.9 0.80.0099 2.8  1.8 1.00.0001 uncooperative 2.0  1.3 0.90.0051 2.3  1.3 1.10.0001

44. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 44 Duration of Therapy of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and oppositional defiant behaviour (Number of therapeutic 30-minute sessions) Means

45. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 45 Lasting Effects of the Therapeutic Success 2 years after treatment of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and shy interaction behaviour with Theraplay A Comparison of clinically conspicuous toddlers and preschool children with of ‘norm‘ of clinically not symptomatic children

46. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 46 The Lasting Effects of Reduced Shyness of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and shy interaction behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

47. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 47 Lasting Effects of Reduced Unwillingness to Cooperate of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and shy interaction behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

48. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 48 The Lasting Effects of Reduced Inattentiveness of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and shy interaction behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

49. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 49 The Lasting Effects of Reduced Receptive Language Disorder of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and shy interaction behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

50. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 50 Improvement of Language Comprehension of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and shy interaction behaviour Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

51. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 51 The Effectiveness of Theraplay on toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like-like lack of social mutuality in interaction and receptive language disorder

52. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 52 Autistic-like Lack of Social Mutuality in Social Interaction Reference: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) The child is unable to make eye-contact, or control mimic and gesture to influence social interactions. A autistic-like lack of socio-emotional mutuality is shown by a deviant reaction on emotions of others. Hypothesis is that there is a lack of behaviour modulation in social context or an unstable integration of social, emotional and communicative behaviours. No relationships to peers with common interests and activities are contacted or developed. The characteristics are shown in all situations.

53. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 53 Gender, Age and Status of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder CLS: N=14 children 86% boys (N=12) 14% girls (N= 2) 6 :1 Ratio boys : girls 3;11 average years 3;10 years - boys 4,06 years - girls 86% 12 legitimate children 7% 1 illegitimate K. 7% 1 adopted/foster child (1 no answer) 57% 8 Early Autism 7% 1 Boy is mentally incurable MCS: N=42 children 71% boys (N=30) 29% girls (N=12) 2,5 :1 Ratio boys:girls 3;11 average years 4;00 years - boys 3;08 years - girls 85% 34 legitimate children 10% 4 illegitimate K. 5% 2 adopted/foster child (2 no answer)

54. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 54 Status of Mother and Upbringing of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder CLS: N=14 children 100% 14 married mothers no unmarried no separated no single mother 93% 13 both involved in upbringing of the child 7% 1 single parent 86% 12 born in Germany 93% 13 German as mother tongue 14% 2 bilingual upbringing 69% 9 are in Kindergarten MCS: N=42 children 71% 29 married mothers 7% 3 unmarried, living together 10% 4 separated 12% 5 single mother (1 no a.) 85% 35 both involved in upbringing of the child 15% 6 single parent (1 no a.) 73% 29 born in Germany 88% 36 German as mother tongue 26% 11 bilingual upbringing 56% 23 are in Kindergarten

55. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 55 Degree of Markedness of the Symptoms of Social Interaction Disorder as well as Receptive Language disorder of children with an autistic-like lack in social mutuality. A Comparison of clinically conspicuous toddlers and preschool children with clinically not symptomatic children

56. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 56 Autistic-like Lack of Social mutuality of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder Average Degree of Markedness Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

57. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 57 Uncooperative Behaviour of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder Average Degree of Markedness Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

58. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 58 Inattentiveness Inattentiveness of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder Average Degree of Markedness Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

59. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 59 Play Inabilities of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder Average Degree of Markedness Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

60. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 60 Receptive Language Disorder of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder Average Degree of Markedness Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999)

61. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 61 Reduction of Social Interaction Disorder as well as receptive language disorder in children with autistic-like lack of social mutuality and receptive language disorder after Treatment with Theraplay A Comparison of clinically conspicuous toddlers and preschool children with of ‚norm‘ of clinically not symptomatic children

62. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 62 Reduction of the Uncooperative Behaviour of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

63. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 63 Reduction of the Lack of Social Mutuality of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

64. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 64 Reduction of Inattentiveness of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

65. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 65 Reduction of the Inability to Play of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

66. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 66 Reduction of the Social Isolation of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

67. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 67 Reduction of the Receptive Language Disorder of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

68. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 68 Clinical and Statistical Significance of Reduction of Symptoms after Treatment with Theraplay G=Mean after CASCAP-D,  =Change, s=Standard deviation 4-point scale: 1=not noticeable; Symptom: 2=slight...,3=marked, 4= strong Symptoms CLS N=14 children with lack of social mutuality within receptive language disorder MCS N=42 children with lack of social mutuality within receptive language disorder TT-B  TT-E G  G sprob.> F TT-B  TT-E G  G sprob.> F receptive language disorder 3.8  2.9 0.70.0002 3.5  2.4 1.10.0001 uncooperative 3.5  1.8 0.90.0001 3.0  2.0 1.30.0001 lack soc. mutuality 3.1  2.1 0.80.0013 3.0  2.0 0.80.0001 inattentive 3.1  2.6 1.00.0104 3.1  2.0 1.30.0001 unable to play 3.1  1.9 0.90.0001 2.8  1.8 1.10.0001 socially isolated 2.2  1.1 1.10.0032 2.2  1.3 1.10.0001

69. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 69 Duration of the Therapy of toddlers and preschool children with dual diagnoses of originally an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and language comprehension disorder (Number of therapeutic 30-minute sessions) Means

70. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 70 Lasting Effects of the Therapeutic Success 2 years after treatment of children with dual diagnoses of receptive language disorder and an autistic-like lack of social mutuality with Theraplay A Comparison of clinically conspicuous toddlers and preschool children with of ‘norm‘ of clinically not symptomatic children

71. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 71 The Lasting Effects of the Reduction of Uncooperative Behaviour of toddlers and preschool children with originally dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and receptive language disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

72. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 72 The Lasting Effects of the Reduction of an Autistic-like Lack of Social Mutuality of toddlers and preschool children with originally dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and receptive language disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

73. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 73 The Lasting Effects of the Reduction of Inattentiveness of toddlers and preschool children with originally dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and receptive language disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

74. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 74 The Lasting Effects of the Reduction of Social Isolation of toddlers and preschool children with originally dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and receptive language disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

75. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 75 The Lasting Effects of the Reduction of Inability to Play of toddlers and preschool children with originally dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and receptive language disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

76. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 76 The Lasting Effects of the Reduction of the Receptive Language Disorder of toddlers and preschool children with originally dual diagnoses of an autistic-like lack of social mutuality and receptive language disorder Assessment Method: CASCAP-D (Doepfner et al., 1999) Means

77. Copyright 2004 Theraplay Institut The Effectiveness of Theraplay on receptive language disorders 77 Theraplay Institut D-71229 Leonberg Obere Burghalde 42 Questions about Theraplay: Ulrike Franke speech-language pathologist reg. Play Therapist and Supervisor (APT) certified Theraplay Therapist and Trainer (TTI) Phone. 06202-54051 Fax 06202-54958 eMail: Franke.Theraplay@t-online.de Questions about evaluation research: Herbert H.G. Wettig Clinical Psychologist Phone. 07152-27062 Fax 07152-22602 eMail: Herbert.Wettig@t-online.de  1996 Theraplay is legally protected as 39518465 and 39518466.Franke.Theraplay@t-online.deHerbert.Wettig@t-online.de