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Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution

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Presentation on theme: "Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution"— Presentation transcript:

1 Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Population/City Growth New Social Classes Efforts at Change

2 Population Growth Europe doubled, England tripled between > lower death rate due to less epidemic, famine and war. Large rural population meant less or no land for peasants = more poverty. Many sought refuge in cities for work in factories. (see chart) Irish pop. Doubled , potato famine killed over 1 million, 2 million emigrated to U.S. and Britain.

3 Urbanization Great Britain’s cities grew more than rest of Europe. No one had skills or desire to cope with problems. Overcrowding (up to six in one bed) Sewage in streets, smelly & unhealthy Food substitutes: alum added to bread, red lead substituted for pepper. Poor Law commissioners no help.

4 Urban Reform Food and Drug Act not passed til 1875.
James Kay-Shuttleworth stated crime, disease, immorality would ruin society. Edwin Chadwick sought to rid poverty & improve sanitation > Public Health Act

5 New Social Classes Industrial Middle Class: Entrepreneurs, Bankers, Lawyers, Teachers, Doctors. Industrial Working Class: Miners, Artisans, Craftspeople, Factory workers, agricultural workers, servants. Miners, Factory workers horrible working conditions.

6 Standard of Living Much debate whether std. of living improved. Wages increased, but so did prices. Fluctuation in early century due to cyclical depressions. One factory closure could devastate an entire town. Middle class lived better. Working class not until later in century.

7 Effort at Change by Workers
Combination Acts of 1799 & 1800 outlawed associations of workers. Unions formed anyway (purpose: limit entry into craft, gain benefits). Successful strikes led to repeal of Combination Acts in 1824. Robert Owen led movement for national unions of combined trades. The Grand National Consolidated Trades Union formed in 1834, but later collapsed. Society of Engineers succeeded Luddites were skilled craftspeople who in 1812 attacked machines that threatened their craft.

8 Chartism “People’s Charter” of 1838 demanded: universal male suffrage, pay for and annual sessions of Parliament. National petitions rejected in ‘39 & ‘42. By 1848, it fizzled out, but succeeded in educating working class in politics for future success.

9 Efforts at Change: Reformers and Government
Factory Act of 1833: Illegal to hire under 9 yrs., 9-12 had 8 hr. limit, had 12 hr. Mine Act of 1842 women and boys under 10 could not work in mines. Ten Hours Act of 1847 put a 10 hr. limit for children and women in factories.


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