1. Comparing Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Food Distribution in Eau Claire Wisconsin WILL ULLRICH GEOGRAPHY 401 APRIL 14 TH, 2015

2. Introduction  What is Geography?  How is it a Science?

3. Project Goal  Exploring relationship between distance traveled and Carbon Dioxide released.  Focusing only on food distributors

4. Geographic Traditions  Human-Environmental  Regional  Spatial

5. Geographic Concepts  Agriculture  Infrastructure  Carbon Dioxide Emissions

6. Methods  Locations:  Just Local Foods  Mega Co-Op  Wal-Mart  Festival Foods  Gordy’s County Market  Food Items:  Milk  Cheese  Bread  Eggs  Meat

7. C02 Analysis  According to a 2014 Vehicle Technologies report:  The range of miles per gallon (mpg) for most mass transport vehicles is 4 to 7.5.  The average is 6.5 mpg per thousand ton-mile  According to fueleconomy.gov burning One gallon, which weighs 6.3 pounds, produces 20 pounds of C02.  To find the C02 produced for each brand we will take:  (Distance/6.5)x20= number of pounds produced

8. Milk Analysis: Milk:Just LocalMegaWal-Mart Festival Foods Gordy’s County Market Distance from Eau Claire (Miles) Pounds of C02 Produced Crystal Ball Farms X 89.13274.25 Mega Co- Op X 00 Kemps XXX 82.67254.37 Great Value X 1630.045015.51 Land O’ Lakes X X998.23071.38 TruMoo XXX998.23071.38 Nestle X 1981.116095.72 Organic Valley XX 117.42361.29 Horizon Organic X 974.332997.94 Wild Harvest X 105.15323.54 Castle Rock X 24.3674.95 Morning Glory X 197.18606.71 Festival X 105.15323.54 Dean’s X 305.89941.2 Fa!rlife X 317.15975.85 Lactaid X 1307.564023.26 Dairy Fresh X305.89941.2

11. Milk Conclusion  It is obvious that the closer a distributor is to the city the less C02 will be produced. Looking at the graphs we see this:  Mega Co-Op brand milk was the lowest producer of C02 due to the fact that it is sold from its point of distribution.  Nestle was by far the highest producer as it is distributed from Glendale, California.

12. Future Research  Producer to distributor distance data  Product load per delivery  Compare to alternative forms of transportation

13. Sources  Malaczynski, Joanna D., and Timothy. P. Duane. 2009. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Vehicle Miles Traveled: Integrating the California Environmental Quality Act with California Global Warming Solutions Act. Ecology Law Quarterly. 36: 71.  Vogt, Rainbow A., and Lucia L. Kaiser. 2008. Still a time to act: A review of institutional marketing of regionally grown food. Agriculture & Human Values. 25: 241-255.