1. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Primary and secondary sources in history K-10

2. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Primary and secondary sources While this resource includes K-6 examples of primary and secondary sources, 7-10 teachers may find it useful when choosing sources to engage in the historical inquiry process.

3. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Primary source A document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. Example of a primary source document: The Diary of George Worgan – surgeon on the Sirius (ship in the First fleet) the link also includes a transcript.The Diary of George Worgan Example of a primary source object: Aboriginal rock carvings, Pittwater, Sydney. Aboriginal rock carvings, Pittwater, Sydney.

4. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Examples of primary sources 1.Letters, speeches, diaries, memoirs, oral histories 2. Audio recordings, video recordings, photographs 3.Research data sets and files 4.Newspaper accounts created at the time of an event 5. Tools, coins, buildings, headstones.

5. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Using primary sources with students A painting created during the period is a primary source. The panorama The panorama could be used by students in Years 3 and 4 to examine what life was like in early Sydney at the time of Governor Macquarie in 1821. State Library of New South Wales V1/ca.1821/4

6. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Examples of primary sources 6. Official documents produced by governments, businesses or not for profit organisations, e.g. government reports, financial reports, research findings The image is the deed documents of the land granted to James Ruse dated 22 February 1790.deed documents There is also an example of the wax seal missing from the James Ruse deed. State Library of New South Wales DLMSF 37

7. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Examples of primary sources 7. Historical artefacts such as tools, clothing or maps ‘The Squatter’s map’ of NSW 1837 A Mark of Esteem – A Mark of Esteem – a gold medal presented to Charles De Boos by Chinese gold miners View the artefacts at the ‘What’s in store?‘What’s in store? Shopping in Australia 1880-1930 exhibit at the Power House museum

8. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Secondary sources Secondary sources cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources after the period in question. They are created by authors who have gathered research on a subject and analysed it.

9. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Examples of secondary sources 1.Books 2.Biographies 3.Commentaries or reviews, Colour film discovery ‘rewrites history’ newspaper article Colour film discovery ‘rewrites history 4.Journal articles

10. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Examples of secondary sources 5. Re-enactment with students Stage 2 – First contacts describes and explains effects of British colonisation HT2-4 applies skills of historical inquiry and communication HT2-5 View the Stage 2 re-enactment of Sydney 1789 colonisation In addition to viewing this as a secondary source, a similar activity could form assessment of learning as a final unit product.

11. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Using sources in practice Stage 1 – The past in the present describes the effects of changing technology on people’s lives over time HT1-3 demonstrates skills of historical inquiry and communication HT1-4 Objects or images of a variety of radios over time are a primary source. Images of radios from past to present The historical narrative commentary is a secondary source included in the National Film and Sound Archive’s World Radio Day resource.National Film and Sound Archive’s World Radio Day resource. Powerhouse Museum’s School of the Air (Alice Springs School of the Air link) (Alice Springs School of the Air link) is a secondary source that builds upon the use of radio.

12. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Using sources in practice Stage 3 – Australia as a nation describes and explains the struggles for rights and freedoms in Australia, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples HT3-4 applies a variety of skills of historical inquiry and communication HT3-5 When studying the history of Australian democracy, primary sources include speeches, election returns, posters or eyewitness accounts. Sorry – an apology to the Stolen Generations video download A secondary source would be a book about significant people or groups.

13. PUBLIC SCHOOLS NSW WWW.SCHOOLS.NSW.EDU.A U Key points The distinction between primary and secondary sources may not always be clear-cut All sources must be analysed to develop critical understanding about the past Historians use relevant sources to gain evidence for their particular historical inquiry.