1. The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789- 1812) By: Sarah Thames Pages (536- 557)

2. The Revolt of the Third Estate King Louis XVI solicit funds trough Estate General in 1789: trigger of French Rev. France divided: clergy, Nobility, everyone else Nobles – Guarantees of personal liberty – Freedom of the press and speech – Freedom from arbitrary arrest – Minimal taxation – Estate General meet in three separate chambers – June 20 “Oath of the Tennis Court”- boycotted until new draft of constitution

3. Revolt of the Poor Tension rise against the organized authorities – Poor Harvest: prices of bread increased 1789 – Farmers farmers refused to pay their taxes and moral support Mobs stormed Bastille – jail and an army located in the capital city of Paris. I – important because it held the base of feudalism such as, important documents. – Assassinated governor of Bastille/mayor of Paris Peasants: against remaining feudalism Destroyed documents that demanded feudal dues and taxes

4. National Assembly – Third Estate allied and declared “National Assembly” June 13 – Abolished feudalism and serfdom, tithe for the church, special privileges of nobility – “Declaration of the Rights of Men and the Citizen” Freedom of thought, religion, petition “March of the Women”- protesting high price of bread, marched to royal palace in Versailles “Great Fear” peasants worried landlords burn harvest to block reform  attack clergy/ nobility Uniform gov. confiscated church property Men voting Protestants, Jews= full citizenship

5. Reign of Terror The Committee of Public Safety launched the Reign of Terror against the counter- revolutionaries. campaigned against feudal privileges. They promoted – universal education – abolished slavery throughout France’s colonies. – Violence conflict and warfare between the radical Jacobins (radical) and the moderate Gorondin (middle class) Overthrew Monarchy government when executed Louis XVI  establishment of the constitutional monarchy.

6. Napoleon in Power (1799-1812) Napoleon ended the French Revolution in 1812. – conquered many regions of Europe in 1810, where he introduced the administrative reforms of the revolution. – end to feudalism privilege, equality of rights, religious tolerations, free trade, and efficient and systematic administrative. – Flaws First, attempted conquer Britain, marine power and land forces of its allies too strong. Battle of Trafalgar in 1805= napoleon defeated Russian emperor supported Britain, Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812, many troops killed The nations Napoleon conquered – felt national and wanted to rule themselves: Haiti, independence in the 1790s,attempted to re-impose the French rule and reinstitute slavery. – In 1813: defeated by a group of Europeans, didn’t want countries to be colonized by France. – Napoleon then resigned and Louis XVI assumed the throne.

7. Latin America: Vocabulary Creoles: descendants of European settlers – Wanted more economic and political rights – Feared potential power from mixed races Mestizo: mixed race- Spanish/ Amerindians – No considered as elite Mazombas: American- born direct descendants of Portugese settlers Simon Bolivar- croele – Dominated public life for 20 years – Studying in Europe- 1807 returned to Venezuela and joined movements for LA’s independence – Spurred- Napoleon invaded Spain and installed own people Lack of influence of LA culture

8. Independence Movement 1810-1826 – Paraguay (1811) Bolivar(1819- 1821) liberated Columbia, Venezuala, and Ecuador – Jose de San Martin- Argentina “Army of the Andes” many slave participated Took over Chili, emptied the Spanish but refused to Rule  Banardo O’Higgins leader 1825: Bolivar captured Peru, upper Peru became Bolivia – Brazil owned by Portalgese- where royal family fled from Napolean – Made more of an equal country than colony – Independent without violence because Portugal King’s son was left in Brazil

9. Simon Bolivar: Challenge of Unification Wanted to unify entire South America – Generals wanted their own independence – 18 nations that emerged from Spanish America – Warfare among new states after independence Gave power to armies and military force