1. 1.Self-Control or External Control 2.Perceived Locus of Control 3.Internals: feel they are in control of their lives 4.Externals: feel other forces are in control 5. Learned Helplessness

2. Optimistic Explanatory Style: bad events have temporary causes Pessimistic Explanatory Style: bad events have permanent causes Self-Efficacy: our behaviors lead to expected outcomes Social Learning Theory: Humans are conscious, thinking and feeling; this determines our behavior Observational Learning: we learn from imitating others Why does this matter? Psychologists believe most of our interactions stem from learning theory Learning is defined as a permanent change in behavior as a result of experience or practice

3. 1.Novel Stimuli: new, different, unique 2.Significant Stimuli: of interest 3.Conflicting Stimuli: against values, beliefs or morals

4. Stimulus paired with reinforcer Stimulus followed by reinforcer

5. Consequences: determine whether a behavior continues Reinforcement: pleasant or unpleasant stimuli that follow a behavior Primary Reinforcers: things we respond to automatically without learning: food, warmth, touch, pain Secondary Reinforcers: stimuli we have attached meaning to: money, grades, star charts Positive Reinforcement: stimuli that increases our behavior by being presented: working hard for an A Negative Reinforcement: stimuli that decreases behavior because of its termination or avoidance, driving slow to avoid a ticket Punishment: decreases behavior because of presence

6. Timing Mild Explained Consistent Alternatives Not Physical Not Instinctive Be Aware

7. Identify Observe Goal Program Evaluate