1. An Educational Perspective Based on Information Contained In The Indiana Prevention Resource Center Factline on Ketamine.

2. By the end of this presentation: you will have… (1) Been exposed to general information about Ketamine. (2) Learned some basic facts about Ketamine users in Indiana. (3) Viewed the potential consequences of Ketamine use, both short-term and long-term. (4) Learned about prevention efforts in Indiana. Indiana Prevention Resource Center

3. In the early 1990’s Ketamine became a popular drug of abuse among the rave and techno scene due to its hallucinogenic properties.1 Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic which first became available in 1960 for veterinary medicine Today, Ketamine is considered a treat due to its potentially addictive and harmful side effects.

4. Ketamine appears as a white or off white powder, resembling cocaine and crystal methamphetamine. It is also available in liquid form that is commonly injected intramuscularly. Because it has no odor or color, Ketamine in liquid form closely resembles water. Indiana Prevention Resource Center

5. Data from the 2003 Monitoring the Future study showed a decrease in prevalence of the drug. Eighth graders shows a.2 percent decrease in use from 2002 to 2003. Tenth graders show a decline in use from 2.2 percent in 2002 to 1.9 percent in 2003. Students in twelfth grade showed a decrease of.5 percent over the same time period.

6. Indiana Prevention Resource Center Ketamine is produced commercially for use as a veterinary anesthetic in United States It is acquired for illegal use mainly by theft from veterinary clinics. According to the Drug Enforcement Agency, a large portion of the Ketamine circulating on the streets of the U.S. is acquired illegally from legitimate pharmacies in Mexico Additionally, some Ketamine is smuggled from other countries such as Germany and Belgium

7. Indiana Prevention Resource Center When taken in low doses (25 -100mg), Ketamine produces a dream like state, altering perceptions and causing dissociation between the user and his or her surroundings (the user is aware of his/her surroundings, but is unable to respond).

8. Indiana Prevention Resource Center memory loss learning impairment loss of motor control paralysis high blood pressure respiratory distress. At relatively high doses it can cause :

9. Indiana Prevention Resource Center At high doses, the user will sometimes encounter “out of body” experiences referred to as “K-Holes.” Very high doses, approximately 1 gram, can be fatal. Long-term use increases the risk of heart attack and stroke.

10. Although Ketamine is popular for illegal recreational purposes, it can be used legally in medical and veterinary practices and is available under the brand names: Ketalar, Ketaset, Vetalar and Ketajet. Indiana Prevention Resource Center Ketamine is identified as Schedule II drug under Controlled Substance Act (1997) because it can lead to physical and psychological dependence.

11. The Indiana Prevention Resource Center’s Survey on Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use by Indiana Children and Adolescents; Data from 1996-2005. http://www.drugs.indiana.edu/survey/atod/index.html The Indiana Criminal Justice Institute http://www.in.gov/cji/index.html The National Institute on Drug Abuse www.nida.nih.gov/ Indiana Prevention Resource Center

12. Content in this presentation based, in part, on a Factline produced by Bilesha Perera, Ph.D, MS in 2005 and © The Indiana Prevention Resource Center. Contact us Indiana Prevention Resource Center 2735 East 10th Street, CA110 Bloomington, IN 47408-2602 Phone: 1-800-346-3077 or 812-855-1237 Fax: 812-855-4940 E-mail: drugprc@indiana.edudrugprc@indiana.edu http://www.drugs.indiana.edu The Indiana Prevention Resource Center is funded, in part, by a contract with the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, financially supported through HHS/Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant. The IPRC is operated by the Indiana University Department of Applied Health Science and School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation. It is affiliated with the Department's Institute of Drug Abuse Prevention. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Trustees of Indiana University or the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration. Indiana University accepts full responsibility for the content of this publication. © Copyright, 2005 by the Trustees of Indiana University. Indiana Prevention Resource Center