1. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Consensus decision making: the basics MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY

2. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Consensus decision making: principles MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY 3920: Autonomous Geographies, Sustainable Futures SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY No one is more qualified than you are to make decisions about your life You should have power to influence a decision in proportion to the impact that decision will have on you Needs prior commitment from everyone to making a fair decision Dialogue between equals: it is NOT adversarial politics Taking account of everyone’s needs – giving real commitment to final decision Finding solutions that everyone can live with Working with each other - not for or against each other Attempts to avoid ‘tyranny of the majority’ – where minority views are lost Power of veto for the marginalised - not to avoid deadlock or create compromise Can work in small and large groups Not problem free or a dogma to be use at all costs – it is contextual

3. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Problems MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY 3920: Autonomous Geographies, Sustainable Futures SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY Those with more experience can manipulate the outcome. Existing policies remain in place if no decision is reached. Time commitment – leading to frustration and weaker commitment. The right to veto can be a lethal tool and open to abuse Those who know more about an issue will have more power Without a common aim a deep understanding and respect for consensus is less likely. Balancing personal and collective freedom – how are they linked?

4. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Guidelines for consensus MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY Be respectful and trust each other. Don't be afraid to express your ideas and opinions. Don't assume that someone must win and someone must lose. Look for the most acceptable solution for everyone. Think before you speak, listen before you object. Listen to others’ reactions, and consider them carefully before pressing your point. Remember that the ideal behind consensus is empowering not overpowering, agreement not majorities/minorities.

5. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Conditions for Consensus MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY

6. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Typical Consensus Process MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY

7. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Dealing with disagreements MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY The major objection (block or veto) The minor objection (stand aside) Agree to disagree – no agreement (what are risks) The Fridge: Put the decision on ice – for an hour or day Back-up options Allow the person most concerned to make the decision. Put all the possibilities into a hat and pull one out. Majority voting as a backup Leaving the group

8. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Facilitating the meeting MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY Good facilitation key Little emotional investment in the issues discussed. Energy and attention for the job at hand. Understanding of tasks for the meeting as well as long-term goals of the group. Good listening skills to be able to understand everyone's viewpoint properly. Confidence that good solutions will be found and consensus can be achieved. Assertiveness that is not overbearing Respect for all participants and interest in what each individual has to offer. Clear thinking – observation of the whole group. Attend both to the content of the discussion and the process – and emotions

9. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Meeting roles MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY All optional or merge-able: Facilitator Co-facilitator (for large meetings) Minute taker Time keeper Speaker-hand taker Welcomer-doorkeeper Vibes watcher!

10. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Tools for meetings MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY Beforehand Training Setting up the venue (make a list of tasks) Group agreements and ground rules Clear agenda Use of hand signals (see slide) Making a decision Go rounds Ideas storm Straw polls – temperature checks Pros and cons Plus-minus-interesting Taking breaks At end Evaluation

11. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Tools: hand signals MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY

12. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Consensus exercise In groups of around 12, use the proposal structure to decide how you will plan a group night out. Remember: the idea is to generate proposals and reach a decision that you have consensus on and that you can implement MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY

13. School of something FACULTY OF OTHER Resources MA in Activism and Social Change SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY Seeds for Change: www.seedsforchange.org.ukwww.seedsforchange.org.uk Trapese: www.trapese.orgwww.trapese.org Handbook For Change: www.handbookforchange.orgwww.handbookforchange.org