无忧 PPT 整理发布无忧 PPT 整理发布 Presentation on the Scenic Spots of Hangzhou 杭州景点讲解.

无忧 PPT 整理发布无忧 PPT 整理发布 Presentation on the Scenic Spots of Hangzhou 杭州景点讲解

无忧 PPT 整理发布 West Lake Scenic Area

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1. Briefing on the West Lake; Xiling Bridge;Mucai Pavilion 1 ） Briefing on the West Lake; (The formation of the lake; The legend about the lake )  Key points: its location and size; the four features of the lake; the five parts of the lake; Four Islets in the lake; the origin of the lake’s name

无忧 PPT 整理发布（ 1 ） the location and size  The West Lake in Hangzhou is a must for the travelers, regarded as a pearl in the paradise and Hangzhou becomes so beautiful and elegant because of the lake.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 A. The location and size of the lake;  Covering an area of 5.66 square kilometers, the lake is located to the west of Hangzhou and it is surrounded by mountains at three sides. Its average depth is 2.27 meters. Its lowest part is about one meter deep and the deepest part is five meters. It's a fresh water lake, and the water in the lake is the spring water from the mountains, the natural drops of rain and the water from Qiantang River through underground pipes..

无忧 PPT 整理发布 B. The four features of the lake  The characteristic of the layout of the lake is “one, two, three, four”, which stands for four features, namely (That is to say), one lake, two pagodas, three causeways and four islands. (the West lake; Baoshu Pagoda and Leifeng Pagoda; Bai Causeway, Su Causeway and Yang Causeway ； Three Pools Mirroring the Moon, Mid-lake Islet, Ruangong Islet and the Solitary Hill, the natural one.)

无忧 PPT 整理发布 C. The five parts of the lake;  The lake is divided into five parts by two artificial causeways,.One is Su Causeway named after Su Dongpo the governor and a poet in the Song Dynasty.Another is Bai Causeway named after BaiJuyi, the governor and also a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The five parts of the lake are: Outer Lake, West Inner Lake, North Inner Lake, Lesser South Lake and Yue Lake.The Out Lake is the largest part.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 D. Four Islets in the lake  In the lake are dotted three man-made islands and one natural island. They are: Three Pools Mirroring the Moon, Mid-lake Islet, Ruangong Islet and the Solitary Hill, the natural one.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 E. The origin of the lake’s name  There're altogether 36 lakes in China by the name of West Lake, but the one in Hangzhou is the best. It's so named in Hangzhou because of two reasons. One is from the location. The lake in Hangzhou lies in the west of the city. The second is from one of the four ancient Chinese beauties, named Xi Shi. It's said she was living about 2400 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period. She looked same pretty no matter in plain dress or make-up. During the Song Dynasty when Su Dongpo, a noted poet, became a governor in Hangzhou, he composed hundred of poems. In one of his famous poems he compared the lake to the ancient beauty. He believed that the West Lake looked same beautiful whether in sunshine or in rain. So it's named Xizi Lake after the beauty Xi Shi.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2 ） The Formation of the Lake and the legend about the lake  Key points: the scientific elements for its formation; the legendary story for its formation Scientifically, it was lagoon. According to a legend it was a pearl from the heaven.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 A. The scientific elements for the lake’s formation  The West Lake is a natural lake. Before the Qin Dynasty about 2200 years ago, the West Lake area was a sallow bay connecting with the Qiantang River. And later it was separated from the sea because of the silt carried by the tidal waves of the Qiantang River. Around 1300 years ago, it became a beautiful, charming and wonderful lagoon lake. Soon it was completely separated from the sea. But it became a fresh- water lake until the Sui Dynasty about 1,400 years ago.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 B. The Legendary story for the lake’s formation— the Jade Dragon and Golden Phoenix  According to a folktale, the lake was a bright pearl coming from heaven.  Once upon a time, there lived a jade dragon and a golden phoenix in heaven. They grew up together and enjoyed each other’s company. One day when they were enjoying themselves in the open air, they caught sight of a very special stone. The phoenix suggested that they carve it into a pearl. The dragon thought it a great idea. So they started working together, the phoenix with her beak and the dragon with his paws.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Gradually a dazzling pearl was carved out of the stone. It was such a magic pearl that trees grew greener, flowers lasted longer and the land yielded a bumper harvest when bathed in its shine. The dragon and the phoenix loved the pearl so much that they decided to live together and guard it on the island where they found the stone forever.  One day, the Queen Mother of the West was amazed by the brilliant rays in the sky and wanted to know from where it came. When reported that it was from a bright pearl, she immediately ordered: ‘Go and get it for me!’

无忧 PPT 整理发布  The pearl was stolen while the dragon and the phoenix were fast asleep. The old lady was so carried away by its beauty that she longed to keep it forever. In order not to lose it, she had it locked in a room after nine doors.  When they found their pearl missing, the dragon and the phoenix were very upset and searched for it everywhere. They believed that if they kept searching, they’d finally find it by its rays, which could reach very far. But they didn’t know that it was locked behind nine doors and the rays could not come out at all.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  The big day came when the old lady was celebrating her 900th birthday. She invited all the celestial beings and treated them with a grand feast. It was of course the very occasion for her show off all her treasures. One after another, all the treasures were displayed to the guests. At last, but not the least, it was the pearl’s turn.  As soon as the pearl appeared in a tray, all the guests were dumbfounded. Nobody had ever seen such a beautiful pearl. And meanwhile the dragon and the phenix saw the rays radiating from the pear. Without much difficulty, they traced into the palace and found the old lady showing off their pearl.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  They pushed their way to her through the crowd and demanded the pearl back. ‘We spent 3 long years carving the pearl. Why should you have stolen it?’ The lady felt very embarrassed and ordered to have them expelled from the palace. The dragon and the phoenix beat the guards and went directly for their pearl.  The three of them were involved in a heated fight. However nobody took hold of the pearl. It dropped onto the ground and rolled all the way out of the palace. It fell and fell and fell and finally it landed on the west of Hangzhou. As soon as it touched the ground, it turned into a beautiful clear lake. That was the West Lake.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  The dragon and the phoenix, when they saw that their pearl became such a beautiful lake, they felt reluctant to part from it. Consequently, they changed themselves into two hills—the Jade Emperor Hill and the Phoenix Hill—standing on the south of the West Lake, guarding this ‘bright pearl’.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2 ） Xiling Bridge

无忧 PPT 整理发布  The location of Xiling Bridge used to be a ferry in ancient times, when people had to ferry across to the opposite bank to tour Solitary Hill. The present bridge stretches across the foot of Qixia Ridge to Solitary Hill. Local people lovingly associate it with Su Xiaoxiao, a geisha known for her beauty and literary talent about 1,100 years ago, and regard it as one of the three ‘bridges of love’. It was at this bridge that Su Xiaoxiao, met her lover Ruan Yu on his tall black horse. They fell in love with each other at the first sight and soon lived together..

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3 ） Mucai Pavilion (the Pavilion for Admiring the Talent) Key points: the story of Su Xiaoxiao; the history of the Pavilion “Talent Admiring”

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The story of Su Xiaoxiao

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Su Xiaoxiao was a native of Hangzhou, a most famous geisha in the Five Dynasties about 1100 years ago. She was smart and pretty and she lived with her aunt because her parents died at her younger age.  While sightseeing in her carriage, she met her lover Ruan yu, riding on a gray horse at Xiling Bridge and she fell in love with him at the first sight. She soon made to live with him happily. Later his father sent a letter to Ruan yu and told him that his mother was serious ill. So Ruan yu had to say goodbye to Su Xiaoxiao and went back home. Upon his departure, Ruan yu promised to come back to marry her as soon as possible. From that time on, Su closed her door to visitors and waited day and night, but Ruan yu never returned. At last Su Xiaoxiao died of lovesickness at the age of 22. According to her wish, she was buried near the Xiling Bridge, and later a pavilion was set up nearby named as the Pavilion for Admiring the Talented.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The history of Mucai Pavilion (the Pavilion for Admiring the Talented)

无忧 PPT 整理发布  After Su Xiaoxiao died, Mr. Bao Ren, a scholar benefited from Su Xiaoxiao when he was in his distress and difficulties, buried her by the Xiling Bridge and built nearby a pavilion named " the Pavilion for Admiring the Talented " in memory of the talented girl. Later the tomb was destroyed. When Kangxi, the emperor of the Qing dynasty came to visit Hangzhou, he mentioned something about Su Xiaoxiao by chance. The officials in Zhejiang made an empty tomb for her immediately that night and it was destroyed again in 1966. The present tomb and pavilion was reconstructed in 2004 when Xiling Bridge was under renovation.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  2. Qiu Jin and Her Tomb ， Yu Chamber and Yu Yue ， The Liuyi Spring

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1 ） Qiu Jin and Her Tomb key points: the introduction of Qiu Jin; Qiu Jin’s tomb

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The introduction of Qiu Jin  Qiu Jin, also called Heroine from Lake Jian, was born in 1875 in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. She was a distinguished woman revolutionary in the late Qing Dynasty. In 1904 she went to Japan to study and took part in the revolutionary activities. In 1906 she went back to China and founded a newspaper " Chinese Woman" to enhance the woman's rights and spread the revolutionary ideas. In 1907 she went to take charge of Datong Institute in Shaoxing, and she also took active part in communicating the revolutionary party members in Jinhua and Langxi Cities. And later She organized Recovery Armies and prepared the Anti-Qing uprisings. The pity was the uprising failed at last and she was arrested and killed in her hometown at the age of 38. She was buried by the Xiling Bridge of the West Lake in accordance with her wish.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) Qiu Jin’s Tomb and statue  The foundation of the new tomb is two meters high stuck with cream-colored granite. On the right front of the tomb is the marble stone tablet inscribed with the original calligraphy of Dr. Sun Yat-sen to mourn for Qiu Jin. The upper line is "Eternal repose to Heroine from Lake Jian", the medium is " Woman Hero" and the lower is " Sun Wen". And its back is inscribed a long memorial article consisting of 722 characters by her best friends Xu Zihua and Wu Zhiying.  On the tomb stands Qiu Jin's white marble stone Stature which is 2.7 meters high. Today the tomb is the historical relics unit under the protection of provincial government.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) Yu Chamber and Yu Yue  Key points ： the introduction of Yu yue; Yu Chamber;

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The Introduction of Yu Yue  Yu Yue, also called Yu Quyuan, a native of Deqing County, Zhejing Province, was born in 1821 and died in 1907. In 1855, he took up the post of the Provincial Educational Commissioner in Henan and not soon after he was dismissed from his post. He then got tired of the official career and devoted himself to the academic research. Later he became a teacher in Suzhou, Shanghai and other cities. He came to Hangzhou and set up Zhejiang Public House in 1868. Since then he had been the president of You Zhu Society （诂精经舍） for 31 years.  You Zhu Society situated on the west end of the Bai Causeway with the Solitary Hill behind it and the West Lake in front of it. In You Zhu Society Yu Yue lived for more than ten year while giving lectures and writing books. Altogether he had completed over 250 volumes.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) Yu Chamber  Yu Chamber, a two-story Chinese style building, where Yu Yue once delivered lectures and wrote books, was constructed with funds raised by his students Xu Qi(Xu huanong 徐花农 ) in 1878. Behind the building, there used to be a stone library, named " Quyuan Library" （曲园书藏） by himself. It was a place to store Chun Zai Tang Collections （春在堂全书）. Later the collections were removed to Beijing and the library was abandoned. But a stone tablet carved with the name of the library is now still kept in the Xiling Seals & Engravers' Society.  Before the Anti-Japanese War, Yu Chamber was once rebuilt into a three-story western style building. And after the war, it was rented and served as a restaurant. In 1949, it became a resident house. In 1959 the Solitary Hill was under a large scale of renovations. The enclosing wall of the mansion was torn down and the chamber was turned into a park. The three-story building at present was rebuilt in 1998 as Yu's memorial hall.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) The Liuyi Spring Key points: the origin of Liuyi Spring; What does “Liuyi” refer to

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The origin of Liuyi Spring  The Liuyi Spring pool covers an area of 2 square meters (22 square feet). It is the place where Hui Qin, an eminent monk of the Northern Song Dynasty, used to preach, and it’s also the place Su Dongpo met Hui Qin through the introduction of their mutual friend, Ouyang Xiu, also known by his literary name Retired Scholar Liuyi. Liu Yi in Chinese means six ones. Su and Hui Qin often sampled tea and composed poems together, thus became friends. Four years after that, Su left Hangzhou whereas Ouyang passed away. In 1089, Su came to Hangzhou again to take up the post of prefect. He was very sad when he learnt that Hui Qin had also passed away. When he came to Hui Qin’s temple, he found spring water was seen to flow out from under his preaching desk. In memory of Ouyang, Su named the spring after Retired Scholar Liuyi.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) What doest Liuyi refer to  Retired Scholar Liuyi is the literary name of Ouyang Xiu, a great Northern Song Dynasty poet. His life consists of Liuyi, namely, “Six Ones”. In his book entitled The Life of Retired Scholar Liuyi, he said that he would collect one thousand texts of inscriptions ( on ancient bronzes and stone tablets surviving from China’s first three dynasties(Xia, Shang and Zhou);); and one wan(wan, a unit word, means ten thousand) copies of books; possess one Chinese zither( 琴 ); play one game of Chinese chess every day; often have one pot of wine in hand; and he, an aged man, would enjoy all these wonderful things in his life.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3. Xiling Seal Engravers’ Society; Louwailou ( Building Beyond Building) Restaurant

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) The Xiling Seal Engravers’ Society  Key points:  (1) Briefing on Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society;  (2) Introduction on the garden of the society:  (3) Three main buildings of Xiling Seal- Engravers’ Society

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Briefing on Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society  Key Points:  The origin of its name;  the aim of the society;  its founder and presidents

无忧 PPT 整理发布 A. The origin of its name:  Xiling Seal-Engraver’s Society is noted throughout the country for its study of epigraphic art. As the site is near Xiling, it was named Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society. It was founded in 1913. From 1904, Wu Changshuo, Ding Ren ( 丁仁 ) ， Wang Yi ( 王易 ) ， Ye Weiming ( 叶为铭 ) and Wu Yin ( 吴隐 ) and other epigraphists bought a piece of land to build a building, thus Xiling Seal-Engravers’ was formally set up in 1913.  (From 1904 on, Wu Chjangshuo and other eminent epigraphists like Ding Ren ( 丁仁 ) ， Wang Yi ( 王易 ) ， Ye Weiming ( 叶为铭 ) and Wu Yin ( 吴隐 ) often met at Solitary Hill for academic discussions and research, and proposed a seal engravers’ society. After ten years of painstaking preparations, the society was formally set up in 1913, with the aim to “preserve seal-cutting and conduct research into art”, Wu was elected its first president.)

无忧 PPT 整理发布 B. The aim of the society Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society was formally set up in 1913 with the aim of “to preserve seal-cutting and conduct research into art”. ( 保存金石，研究印学）

无忧 PPT 整理发布 C. The founder and presidents of the society  The founders of the society are 吴昌硕、丁仁、叶为民、王易、吴隐.  The first president is Wu Changshuo. Other presidents are 马衡、张宗祥、沙孟海、赵朴初、启功。

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) Introduction on the garden of the society  Key points:  the characteristics of the garden buildings;  which style does it belong to?

无忧 PPT 整理发布 A. The characteristics of the garden buildings  The Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society is also a nice traditional garden in southeast China. Situated along the hill, the whole garden creates a serene, agreeable atmosphere that mingles scenery with art.  Architecturally speaking, the society is surrounded by green tiles and white wall. From the viewpoint of its layout, all the buildings in the garden are built around the hill, creating a serene, agreeable environment that mingles scenery with art. In the garden, there are some well-known constructions consisting of one pagoda—Huayan pagoda, one stele-- the stele of the Taboo Names and Dates of Death, three buildings—Bamboo Camber, Cypress Hall and Four Shinging Hall, three statues---the statues of Dengsiru ， Wuchangsuo and Dingjing, and four Springs-- the Seal Spring ( 印泉 ), the Leisure Spring ( 闲泉 ), the Literary Spring () and the Concentration Spring ( 潜泉 ).

无忧 PPT 整理发布 B. Which style does it belong to?  The garden buildings of Xiling Seal- Engravers’ Society and its layout present the outstanding art style of classical garden in south China.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) Huayan pagoda This is Huayan pagoda. It looks like a big painting brush erecting in the center of the garden, therefore becomes the landmark of the garden. It was set up in 1924 with the money raised by a member of the society Monk Hongshan.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (4) The stele of Sanlao  A. The origin of the stele  Kept in a stone house of Sanlao on the hill, is the stele of the Taboo Names and Dates of Death （《三老讳字忌日碑》） with a history of over 1900 years. The stele was unearthed at Kexing （客星） Hill in Yuyao County in 1852 during Qing Dynasty. “Sanlao” is the title for an official in charge of cultural and educational work. “Weizi” refers to the taboo name of the elders and “Jiri” refers to the dates of death of the elders.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  B. The value of the stele  This is a stele recording the taboo names and dates of the death of Sanlao and other deceased. The character style of the epigraph is between seal character in Qin Dynasty （秦篆） and official script in Han Dynasty （汉隶）. According to scientific research, the stele was inscribed in Eastern Han Dynasty in 52 AD. The stele is 88 cm high and 45 cm wide. It separately records the names of Sanlao’s parents, his grandparents and his sons and daughters with 217 legible characters. It is not only the most treasured stone tablets dating back 1940 to the early Eastern Han Dynasty and a treasure work of art among the unearthed antiques of the country but also noted as “The No.1 Stele in Eastern China”. It provides an important reference for studying the origin and development of stone engraving and tomb inscriptions of China.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (5) Three main buildings of Xiling Seal- Engravers’ Society Key points: three main buildings; the construction background of the buildings;

无忧 PPT 整理发布 A. Three main buildings Three main buildings are the Bamboo Chamber, the Cypress Hall and the Four- Shining Hall.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 B. The construction background of the buildings  The Bamboo Chamber was put up by Poet Bai Juyi during the Tang Dynasty. When Bai Juyi was the governor of Hangzhou, he often took rest in the chamber after going sightseeing around the West Lake.  The Cypress Hall dates back 561 years to the Southern Song Dynasty. It was put up by a monk named zhiquan( 志铨 ) 。 It is said that two Cypress tress were planted there as early as in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. One of the two trees withered away and became a fossil. When it was knocked, the fossil sounded like metal and stone. Therefore Zhiquan, the monk, put up a hall beside the tree and named it Cypress Hall.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 Si Zhao Pavilion (The Four-Shining Hall) was founded in Song Dynasty in 1729 when Li Wei was in the charge of the province. Known as one of the eight scenes of the temporary imperial palace in the Qing Dynasty, the pavilion sits at the top of Solitary Hill with broad windows on the four sides. Picturesque scenery of the lake is visible from the building. Hills and pagodas are mirrored in the clear lake. So in 1671 the pavilion was named Si Zhao Pavilion, meaning "Reflecting the Clouds and the Peaks in all sides" by Kangxi, an emperor of the Qing Dynasty.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (6) The three stone statues The three stone statues are statue of Wu Chuangshuo （吴昌硕）, statue of Deng Shiru( 邓石如 ) and statue of Ding Jing （丁敬）. The statue of Wu Changshuo is located in the Small Longhong Cave. Wu is the first president of Xiling Seal-Engravers’s Society. His poem, calligraphy, painting and engraving skills are noted as “Four Unique Skills”. The statue with an umbrella in hand and a bamboo hat on back is the statue of Deng Shiru who was an engraver of Anhui School; and the statue sitting in front of the Stone House of Sanlao is the statue of Ding Jing who was the representative of the Seal-cutting of Zhejiang School.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (7) The four springs of Xiling Seal- Engravers’ Society Key points ： four springs of Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society; the significances of their names

无忧 PPT 整理发布 A. Four springs The four springs of Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society are the Seal Spring ( 印泉 ), the Leisure Spring ( 闲泉 ), the Literary Spring () and the Concentration Spring ( 潜泉 ).

无忧 PPT 整理发布 B. The significances of their names The two Chinese characters “ Seal Spring” was written by a Japanese engraver named Changweijia( 长尾甲 ) ， meaning “developing friendship through the study of engraving”; “Literary Spring” was named by Yu Quyan, meaning “Ideas of writing wells up like the spring”; The Concentration Spring ( Qian Quan ) was named after Wu Qian, one of the founder of the society, who invented a inkpad named after the spring; The Leisure Spring is located under the Leisure Building, thus the name.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2)The Louwailou ( Building Beyond Building) Restaurant Key points: the origin of the restaurant; its history and the popular dishes it serves;

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The origin of the restaurant  The name of the restaurant is three Chinese charaters Lou Wai Lou ( Building Beyond Building) It was said to be taken from the Southern Song poet Lin Sheng’s ( 林升 )poem, the first two lines of which read like this ：  “Mountains beyond mountains and tower beyond tower,  Could song and dance by the West Lake be ended anyhow?”

无忧 PPT 整理发布  In another story the restaurant is said to be named by Yu Yue. When the founder set up the restaurant, it was located to the east of Yu Chamber. At that time, the founder invited Yu Yue to give a name to the restaurant. Yu said with a smile: “Since your restaurant is located beside my house (Yu Chamber), why not call it “Building beyond Building”. From then on, people began to call it “Building beyond Building”

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) Its history and the popular dishes it serves;  The Restaurant is a one-hundred-year-old restaurant, dating back to 1848 with a history of over 140 years. It was founded by Hong Duantang ( 洪端堂 ) 。 it has been famed for the traditional delicacies of Hangzhou cuisine, such as ‘West Lake Carp in Vinegar Sauce’, ‘Beggar’s Chicken’, ‘Dongpo Pork’, ‘Shelled Shrimps with Longjing Green Tea Leaves’, ‘Deep Fried Ringing Bells （ Soybean Scum Rolls ） ’ etc. In 1972, when the former American President Richard Nixon came to China, our late Premier Zhou Enlai treated him with all these dishes here.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  4. Zhongshan Park; The Solitary Hill; Zhejiang Provincial Museum ；

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) Zhongshan Park  Key points:  Zhongshan Park;  West Lake Heavenly Sight

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Zhongshan Park  Zhongshan Park is located on the southern slope of Solitary Hill. It covers an area of 1 ha. (hectare), or 2.47 acre. It was constructed in 1252 in the Southern Song Dynasty as an imperial garden of a grand palace named Western Taiyi Palace. In the Qing Dynasty, a traveling lodge was built there by Emperor Kaixi during his inspection tour of Hangzhou. Later it was transformed into Shengyin Temple( 圣因寺 ) by Emperor Yongzheng, which became one of the four noted temples in Hangzhou ( the other three being Lingyin Temple, Zhaoqing Temple and Jingci Temple). In 1927 it was partly turned into a public park called Zhongshan(Sun Yat-sen) Park in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sun who led the Revolution of 1911, which overturned the Qing Dynasty. The two stone lions in front of the doorway of the garden are antiques from Qing Dynasty. On a wall in the garden, there are two characters “Guo” and “Shan” (literarily means “Solitary Hill), which was said to be inscribed in Song Dynasty. The character “Guo” is not completed, meaning “The solitary hill is not solitary at all”.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) West Lake Heavenly Sight: ( 西湖天下景 )  West Lake Heavenly Sight is the highlight of the park. On the spot, artificial rocks are made to imitate different objects and human figures. Though man-made, they look most natural. The layout of scenery is so special that it is regarded as an elegant mini garden in the world. On the pillars of one of the pavilions there hangs a couplet inscribed by Huang Wenzhong ( 黄文中 ) in 1934 in praise of the scenic and picturesque West Lake. The couplet reads: “With water and hills, every place looks bright and beautiful; In rain or sunshine, every moment appears pleasant and wonderful.” ( 水水山山处处明明秀秀，晴晴雨雨时时好好奇奇 )

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The Solitary Hill  Key points:  the location, the height and size of the Solitary Hill

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Today in the lake, there’s one natural island, two causeways and three artificial islets. To our left, that’s the only natural island—the Solitary Hill. The Solitary Hill sits in the northern part of the lake and is the home of quite a few important tourist attractions, such as the ruins of the Temporary Palace of the Qing emperors, the Xiling Seal- engravers’ Society, Wenlan Ge Library, which is one of the 7 imperial libraries in China, the Crane Pavilion, which is the recluse residence of the Northern Song Dynasty poet Lin Hejin, Tomb of Qiu Jin, a heroine who contributed in toppling the last feudal dynasty etc. Through the trees over there, you can see the statue of the heroine, Qiu Jin. It was buried there at her own will. She was executed by the Qing government at the age of 31 in her hometown, Shaoxing.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) Zhejiang Provincial Museum  Key points:  the foundation, location and size of the museum;  the layout of the museum and the culture the museum presents ；

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The foundation, location and size of the museum  Located on the southern slope of the Solitary Hill, Zhejiang Provincial Museum covers an area of 5 hectares. Established in 1929 right after the first West Lake Expo was held, the museum was originally known as “Zhejiang West Lake Museum” and it obtained its resent name in 1972.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The layout of the museum  The museum is made up of a group of garden-style buildings richly features the traditional private gardens south of Yangtze River. It has such exhibition halls as Cultural Relics, Celadon, Painting and Calligraphy, Coin, Handicraft, Gift and Souvenir, and International Cultural Exchange.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) The culture the museum presents  The wall and the gate of the museum present Liangzhu Culture.  （ The stone carvings inlaid on the wall-- “Twin Birds Facing the Rising Sun” ( 双鸟舁 yu 凤 ) symbolize the worship of Chinese ancestors towards the sun( 图腾 ) 7000 years ago. The gate is made of granite with designs imitating the coronary vessel in Liang zhu Culture. ）

无忧 PPT 整理发布  5 ． Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake ； Crane Pavilion and Lin Hejing ； Bai Causeway

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) Autumn Moon Over the Calm Lake  Key points:  the history of the pavilion ；  the origin of the name “Autumn Moon Over the Calm Lake”

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) the history of the pavilion  Known as one of the ‘Ten Best Views on the West Lake’, the scenic park features a nice pavilion leading to Solitary Hill and an open terrace surrounded by the lake water on three sides. The center of the park is a 400 square-meter flat terrace with a painted pavilion behind it. The building of the pavilion can be traced back to Tang Dynasty. It was called Viewing Lake Pavilion. It was a favorite spot for poet-governor Bai Juyi. After a heavy drink, he would rest here, watching the moon over the calm lake.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Known as one of traditional the ‘Ten Best Views on the West Lake’, the scenic park features a nice pavilion leading to Solitary Hill and an open terrace surrounded by the lake water on three sides. The center of the park is a 400 square- meter flat terrace with a painted pavilion behind it. The building of the pavilion can be traced back to Tang Dynasty. It was called Viewing Lake Pavilion. It was a favorite spot for poet-governor Bai Juyi. After a heavy drink, he would rest here, watching the moon over the calm lake.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) the origin of the name “Autumn Moon Over the Calm Lake”  In 1699 in the Qing Dynasty, a pavilion called the Imperial Books Hall was put up on its basis as a study for Emperor Qian Long. At the same time, a stone terrace was built in front of it. As the terrace projects into (jut into ) the water, it was regarded as the best spot to enjoy the full moon, especially on an autumn moon-lit evening. For this reason, the hall was renamed “Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake”.  On the Moon Festival, people gather here to admire the full moon, eat moon cakes, miss their friends and relatives who are not with them while sipping Longjing Green Tea. The sky is usually clear and the orange moon with its clear reflection on the lake gives rise to the name of the spot Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) Crane Pavilion and Lin Hejing  Key points:  briefing on Crane Pavilion;  the story of Lin Hejing and his plum wife and crane son

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Briefing on Crane Pavilion  Crane Pavilion stands on the northern slope of the Solitary Hill. There used to be two pavilions built in Yuan Dynasty. One was the Plum Pavilion set up in memory of a Northern Song Dynasty hermit poet Lin Hejing, who loved to plant plums and wrote poetry in praise of their blossoms. Another was the Crane Pavilion built by Chen Zi’an on the site where Lin used to release his crane. Both pavilions collapsed. The present Crane Pavilion was reconstructed in 1915.  Every year when Nature begins to revive from severe winter, people come here to watch the flowering plums. Sweet and fair, the plum blossoms paint the whole place white. The spot is, therefore, known as a Sea of Fragrance.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The story of Lin Hejing and his plum wife and crane son  Lin Hejing was a talented poet. He lived a life of seclusion in a hut at the northern foot of the Solitary hill. He loved nothing better than to paint plums and raise cranes. The 360 plum trees he carefully cultivated gave him boundless joy as well as a source of income. It is said that he packed the plum seeds in 360 bags and had a simple life by selling one bag each day. Lin also raised a pet crane. Whenever he was out boating in the lake, he would tell his servant to release the crane when someone happened to call on him. The flying crane would suggest that he was wanted and he would return without delay. It is said that after his death, his crane pined to death. People buried the crane beside Lin near his hut. Lin was never married. This gave rise to the legend that he had the plum as his wife and the crane as his son.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) Bai Causeway  Key points:  briefing on Bai Causeway;  the story of Bai Juyi

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Briefing on Bai Causeway  This one-kilometer-long causeway stretches from the Broken Bridge in the east to the Autumn Moon over Calm Lake in the west and divides the lake into the outer lake and the north inner lake. It is the only access from the city to Solitary Hill, the only natural island in the West Lake.  In spring time, tourists crowded the causeway to enjoy the unique view of the city. Pink peach blossoms are blended gracefully with the tender green leaves of weeping willows.  The causeway is graced by two single-arch stone bridges: the Embroidered Girdle Bridge and the Broken Bridge, both of which look almost exactly alike. Interestingly enough, the former is quite unknown while the latter obtains nationwide fame.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The story of Bai Juyi  Being the earliest construction on the lake, Bai Causeway was originally called White Sand Causeway which later was transformed into Bai Causeway in memory of the Tang Dynasty poet-governor, Bai Juyi. Bai Juyi was a much- loved governor because he had done something good for the Hangzhou citizens during his service. For example, he had drains built to store the water of the lake for irrigation purposes. And he also had the Six Wells dredged so that a fresh water supply was no longer a problem for the local people. What is more, Bai issued a series of orders to protect the scenic lake. On the day when he left his post, people lined the streets to bid him farewell. In memory of Bai, people renamed the causeway after him. And Bai well deserved it.

无忧 PPT 整理发布

无忧 PPT 整理发布  6. Broken Bridge and “Lingering Snow at Broken Bridge”;  Precious Stone Hill; Baochu Pagoda

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) Broken Bridge and “Lingering Snow at Broken Bridge”  Key points ：  “three unusual sceneries” of West Lake; three factors for the popularity of Broken Bridge;  the explanations of its name;  the legend “The Romance of the West Lake”;

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) “Three unusual sceneries” of West Lake  The name of the bridge reminds local people of the “three unusual sceneries” of West Lake. The Broken Bridge is the most famous bridge in China. The other two are Long Bridge and Solitary Hill.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2)Three factors for the popularity of Broken Bridge  The popularity of the Broken Bridge is due to three factors: its bizarre name, its peculiar scene in winter and its literary significance. The so-called Broken Bridge is, of course, not broken. It is as complete as any other bridge in China.  The name of the bridge reminds local people of the three unusualness of West Lake, that is, Broken Bridge which is not broken, the long bridge which is not long, and the Solitary Hill which is not solitary.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3)The explanations of its name  The Broken Bridge has different names over the years but the present one first appeared in a Tang Dynasty poem. Explanations of its name may vary, but the more accepted one is that after a snow fall, people love to come here to view the snow. Naturally, the snow on the bridge melts long before anywhere else on the causeway. When viewed from the top of a nearby hill, the whole causeway seems to be broken by the bridge. Gradually, the Snow Scene on the Broken Bridge has constituted one of the best-known sights in the city. Another explanation is that the name is derived from the fact that Bai Causeway is terminated by the bridge. Others think that it has been named after a certain Duan Family Village which existed many years ago near the bridge. The word Duan has the same sound as another word meaning “broken”. Therefore it was called “Broken Bridge”. The bridge is also called Heart-broken Bridge for it was the scene of a very popular folk story—the story of White Snake.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (4) The legend “The Romance of the White Snake”  The bridge has obtained literary significance because it is closely related to a very popular Chinese folklore, “The Romance of the White Snake”. The bridge is the meeting point for the Lady White Snake and her lover Xu Xian. The beautiful Lady White Snake, who had been transformed from a real white snake, met the scholar Xu Xian for the first time on the bridge. The two fell in love at first glance, married and had a child. An evil monk who was transformed from a 1,000-year-old turtle came to interfere in their love. Using supernatural power, he subdued the Lady White Snake under a heavy pagoda in Hangzhou. Years later, the unfortunate lady was freed by her friend and the monk got due punishment.  Today, the bridge still remains to be the three lovers’ bridges of the West Lake.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) Precious Stone Hill  Key points:  The explanation of the name of the hill;  Emperor Qin’s Mooring Rock

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Explanation of the name of the hill  The Precious Stone Hill is over 200 meters in height. Its scenic feature is the huge boulders scattered along its ridge. Unlike the lime stones to be found in most of the surrounding hills, these boulders are rhyolite and tuff rocks. They look purple red or grey and shine dazzlingly bright in the sun like real jasper. Hence the name, the Precious Stone Hill.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) Emperor Qin’s Mooring Rock  At the southern foot of the Precious Stone Hill can be found a huge boulder, which is believed to be where the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty (221- 207 BC) had his boat moored. The West Lake at that time was a bay connected with the Qiantang River. On his way of pilgrimage to King Yu the Great in Shaoxing, Emperor Qin was stopped here because of a heavy storm. He had his boat moored on the rock, which has been thereafter called “Emperor Qin’s Mooring Stone”( 秦皇缆船石 ). In Northern Song Dynasty, Monk Si Jing carved the rock into a 3.3-meter-high bust of the Buddha which aroused the interest from the Hangzhou citizens and a temple was built there.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) Baochu Pagoda  Key points:  briefing on Baochu Pagoda;  the origin of its name

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Briefing on Baochu Pagoda  Baochu Pagoda is known as the landmark of the West Lake. It stands on the top of the Precious Stone Hill. It was built in 968 in the Northern Song Dynasty. Baochu Pagoda used to have nine stories, but has only seven now after repeated repairs. The present brick-and-stone structure Baochu Pagoda is 45.3 meters high, was rebuilt in 1933. It is a solid pagoda with no interior staircase. As a landmark on the West Lake, the pagoda has particular architectural value and appears exceptionally elegant and beautiful when looked at from a distance. The ancient people compared it to a beautiful girl standing slim and graceful on the hill. Many a visitor believes that without the pagoda, the West Lake would not look as pretty as it is.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The origin of its name  Baochu Pagoda is also called Blessing Chu Pagoda. In 968, Qian Chu, the last king of the Wuyue Kingdom, was summoned by the emperor to the capital, Kaifeng, in central China. Many days passed with no news of his return home. So one of his ministers had the pagoda erected as a temple where prayers could be said for the safe return of the king. It is thus called Baochu Pagoda, namely, Blessing Chu Pagoda.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  7. Leifeng Pagoda; Su Causeway

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) Leifeng Pagoda  Key points ：  briefing on the view “Leifeng Pagoda in Evening Glow”;  the history of Leifeng Pagoda

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Briefing on the view “Leifeng Pagoda in Evening Glow”  Opposite Evening Bell at Nanping Hill is the well-known splendid Leifeng (Thunder Peak) Pagoda. It is one of the “Ten Views of West Lake”—“Leifeng Pagoda in Evening Glow”. In the folklore “The Legend of White Snake”, the lady white snake used to be subdued under the pagoda. The pagoda is regarded as another landmark of the West Lake.  Located on the south shore of the lake with Baochu Pagoda situated on the north shore, Leifeng Pagoda stands far apart facing Baochu Pagoda and the pair of pagodas form a picturesque view of the lake and formerly known as two gateways to the lake.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The history of Leifeng Pagoda  Leifeng Pagoda was erected in 975 in Wuyue Kingdom in the Five Dynasty by Qian Hongchu, king of Wuyue, to celebrate the birth of his son. Built of brick and wood, the pagoda was a story-pavilion-type structure. It originally had seven stories and after the rebuilding in Southern Song Dynasty, it had only five stories. During 950 years, Leifeng Pagoda survived fires and wars and damage, but collapsed at last in 1924.  In the year of 2000, the pagoda was rebuilt by the municipal government. The reconstruction took two years and the pagoda was open to the public on Oct. 25 in 2002. During the reconstruction, many priceless treasures were unearthed which are now displayed in the Zhejiang Museum.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) Su Causeway  Key points:  briefing on Su Causeway;  Why is it called Su Causeway

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Briefing on Su Causeway  Su Causeway is 2.8 kilometers long across the lake from south to the north. It is studded with six single-arch stone bridges, hence it is also called “the Six-bridge Causeway”. Along its entire length weeping willows and peach trees are planted at regular intervals. In spring the scene here is most spectacular with pink peach flowers intermingled with green willow leaves. The singing of orioles usher in the dawn of a beautiful spring day. This is how the spot gets its poetic name, Spring Dawn at Su Causeway. Some Southern Song Dynasty artists regarded it as the top of the Ten Top Views along the West Lake.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) Why is it called Su Causeway?  Whenever it is mentioned, people usually associate the causeway with the famous Tang Dynasty poet Su Dongpo. When serving as the governor of Hangzhou, Su Dongpu initiated a huge dredging project in West Lake and he used the silt dredged from the lake to build the causeway. The causeway links Nanping Hill in the south with Yu Fei’s Temple in the north. In memory of his brilliant accomplishment, people named the causeway after him.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  8. Three Pools Mirroring the Moon;  Mid-lake Pavilion;  Ruan Gong Islet

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) Lesser Yingzhou and “Three Pools Mirroring the Moon”  Key points:  Lesser Yingzhou ；  Three Pools Mirroring the Moon

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Lesser Yingzhou  This islet was made of the mud from the Lake when it was dredged. The dredging was organized by Su Dongpo in Northern Song Dynasty. It’s called “ Lesser Yingzhou”. “ Yingzhou” is one of the fairy islands inhabited by immortals. Such islands are considered as paradise, with beautiful surroundings. This islet is beautiful just like such an island, hence the name.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The origin of “Three Pools Mirroring the Moon”  Here on the south of the islet, we can see three stone pools erecting in water. It is the very site of ‘Three Pools Mirroring the Moon’, one of the Top Ten Views on the Lake.  The three pools mark the three deepest points in the lake and the deepest point is called ‘tan’ in Chinese, meaning ‘deep pool’. Look at the pools, please. You may easily find they’re hollow. There’re five holes in each. On the Moon Festival, candles are lit in the pools and the holes are covered with white sheet of paper. Looking from a distance, they are like small moons. In each pool, you can see five moons. With their reflections, there are ten moons. Three pools together, there’re 30. With the real moon in the sky and its reflection in water, you can see 32 moons, big or small, true or false. That’s why this place was named ‘Three Pools Mirroring the Moon’.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) Why did Su Dongpo put up the “three pools” in West Lake when he had West Lake dredged?  The three pools erected to mark the deepest part of the lake and to indicate a zone in which it was forbidden to plant any water vegetation to prevent the lake from becoming overgrown.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) Mid-lake Pavilion  The Mid-lake Pavilion Islet was set up by Su Dongpo, governor of Hangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty over 1000 years ago. Like Bai Juyi, another governor in the Tang Dynasty, he dredged the lake and had two causeways and this islet built with the silt from the bottom of the lake. Located in the center of the lake, the pavilion on it was named ‘Mid-lake Pavilion’ and hence the name of the islet.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) Ruan Gong Islet  Ruan Gong Islet was built in the Qing Dynasty about 200 years ago. It was also built with the silt from the lake bottom but had long been a wildlife refuge since the soil was too soft to support any buildings. It was not until 1982 did the local government reinforced the foundation, planted trees and had some bamboo pavilions built on it, making it one of the New Top Ten Views on the Lake. Every evening in summer, there's a show of local opera entertaining the pleasure-seekers from both at home and abroad.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 4. New West Lake Project  The classic top ten views of West Lake can all be found around the lake. Not long ago, it only covered an area of no more than 6 square kilometers. However, in the Ming Dynasty, it was much larger. As time passed, the surface area of the lake shrank and many of the former famous sights lost their majestic positions. In order to restore the look of the old lake area and further promote tourism, the local government has invested heavily in the New West Lake Project and successfully restored some picturesque sights along the west bank of the lake by the end of September, 2003. Residents living in the area were either relocated from their somewhat run-down houses or had their houses refurbished. Large clods were dug out and water was directly drawn from the West Lake to form unbroken ponds. Some marshes were changed into neat grassland with wooden pavilions made in the traditional Chinese style. Small brooks flow from mountainsides, rushing by the residents' cottages. Compared to old West Lake sights, the new "lake" area is more delicate and presents a superb modern workmanship in making the southern style gardens. We will arrange a visit to some of the parks in the new area.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 II. Lingyin Temple Scenic Area

无忧 PPT 整理发布 Introduction  Ladies and gentlemen, Hangzhou is a well-known historical and cultural city, as well as one of the seven ancient capitals of China. Since ancient time, it has been noted as the “Buddhist World in south-eastern China”. This scenic area consists not only the nationwide popular Linyin Temple, but also the unique ancient stone carvings—the cliff carvings on the Peak Flying from Afar. The beautiful landscapes here intermingle with the renown figures, the well-known temples,pavilions and springs to create a serene, elegant, agreeable Buddhist world.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  9. Briefing on the Peak Flying from Afar; Qinglin Cave ； Milky Jade Cave

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) Briefing on the Peak Flying from Afar  Key points:  The screen wall  The stone carvings on the peak;  The origin of the peak’s name and the legend;  The scientific reason for the formation of the hill

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Screen wall ( 照壁 )

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Ladies and gentlemen, please look at the screen wall with four Chinese characters “Zhi chi xi tian” on it. “zhi” is a chinese unit word used in Zhou Dynasty, having the significance “not far”. The four characters tell us that it’s not far from the Western World. With only one step, you can reach the Buddhist World—Linyin Buddhist Monastory. The arch-shaped screen wall looks like an embrace of the Buddha, greeting tourists to pay a visit to the holy place. Now forget all the troubles you had and enter the temple with peace and calmness.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The stone carvings on the peak  In front of us, you can see a hill called the Peak Flying from Afar. The peak is 209 meters high and on the slope of the hill and in the caves, you can find there are altogether 338 stone carvings. These carvings were made during the periods from Later Zhou of the Five Dynasties to Yuan Dynasty. The oldest is over 1000 years old and the youngest one is 600 years old.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  The most representative ones among are: the earliest carvings—Three Saints of the West on the rock face in Green Forest Cave, done in 951.AD (Later Zhou in Five Dynasties) ；  the most delicate carving—the relief sculpture Locana Buddhist Festival on the outer rock wall of Green Forest Cave., done in 1002 during the Northern Song Dynasty;  and the most outstanding carving as well as the largest one—Maitreya Buddha on the southern side of the Cool Spring, done in the Southern Song Dynasty.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  The carvings are distinguished for its “Three Most” among grottoes carvings in China:  1) There are Most Yuan Dynasty stone carvings than other grottos in China;  2) There are Most Arhat stone carvings than other grottos;  3) There are Most Lamaist stone carvings than other grottos.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) The origin of the peak’s name and the legend  The peak’s name originates from a legend. It was said in the legend that when the India monk built this temple, he found the hill in front of the temple look exactly like a hill in India, which was Lingjiu Hill. He thought this hill must have flown from the India, so he named it “Peak Flying from Afar”.  The real reasons for the name of the peak are:  A. It’s appearance is different from that of the surroundings peaks. It is much smaller.  B. Its conformation is different. This hill is made of limestone while the surrounding peaks are made of sandstone.  The differences made the peak look so exotic, hence the name.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (4) The scientific reason for the formation of the hill  Actually, the formation of the hill were caused by the movement of the earth crust. Two pieces of earth crust moved towards each other and the hill was uplifted.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2 ） Qinglin Cave / Green Forest Cave  Key points:  The origin of the cave’s name;  Three Saints of the West;  Lucana Buddhist Festival;  Stone bed and stone fingerprint of Ji Gong

无忧 PPT 整理发布 ( 1) The origin of the cave’s name  The biggest cave of the hill is called “Qinglin” Cave, also locally known as “Tiger Cave” because the entrance of the cave looks like the mouth of a tiger. Since it is on the east side of the hill and is the first cave to meet the sunshine when sun rises, it got the third name: Golden Light Cave.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) Three Saints of the West, Lucana Buddhist Festival  In the cave, you will find three statues. They are the Three Saints of the West which was made in 951AD during the Five Dynasties. The three statues are the oldest ones among the 338 sculptures.  Lucana Buddhist Festival  Another carving is the Lucana Buddhist Festival, a relief sculpture done in 1022 during the Northern Song Dynasty. It is a representative work of Arhats.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) Stone bed and stone fingerprint of Ji Gong  In the cave there are also the stone bed, stone fingerprint of the monk Ji Gong( 济公 ) who is popular among the overseas Chinese. When visitors come here, they are busy touching the stone bed because they hope to get blessing from the crazy monk. Ji Gong was a special monk in Song Dynasty. Unlike other monks, he loved to drink rice wine and eat dog’s meat. When he got wine and meat, he hid himself in the cave and enjoyed the wine and meat on the stone bed. So this bed is named Li Gong Bed.  It is said the cave is also the place where the Indian monk Hui Li, founder of Lingyin Temple passed away.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) Milky Jade Cave ( 玉乳洞 )  Key points:  the origin of the cave’s name;  the carvings on the cliff

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The origin of the cave’s name  Here is the second biggest cave, Milky Jade Cave. It is so named because there used to be water dripping from the ceiling. With limestone dissolved in it, the water looks like milk. It’s also called Bats’ Cave for it was once inhabited by bats.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The carvings on the cliff  Caved on the cliff are more than 20 life-size Arhats which date back nearly 1000 years during the Northern Song Dynasty. So the cave got its third name “Arhats’ Cave”. Inside the cave there is a stone platform. It is said that Xie Lingyun( 谢灵运 ), a poet of Southern and Northern Dynasties, used to read Buddhist scriptures on the platform.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  10. Huili’s Pagoda/Stupa; The Dragon Cave; The Carving of Maitreya Buddha

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) Hui Li’s Pagoda/ Li Gong Pagoda  Key points: briefing on Monk Huili; the function of pagoda

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Briefing on Monk Huili  Now we see a small pagoda with seven stories. It is the tomb of the Indian monk Huili who had this temple built in 326AD. When he traveled here, he found this place was an ideal location for a temple, so he settled down and had the temple built. When he passed away, other monks of the temple had this pagoda built to bury his remains and named the pagoda “Li Gong Pagoda” in memory of Hui Li.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The function of pagoda  Pagoda in ancient India was called stupa and was used to bury the remains of the distinguished monks. This pagoda was first built in Song Dynasty and rebuilt in 1590 during the Ming Dynasty.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The Dragon Cave  Key points: the origin of the cave’s names; the carvings on the cliff

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The origin of the cave’s names  This cave is called Dragon Cave. It is said that a dragon came into being from the cave, which houses a cold spring. As there is a statue of Guanyin (Goddess of Mercy) carved into the rock, it is also called Guanyin Cave. Move inside and look up you can see a natural figure of Guanyin, standing and holding a boy in her right arm. The sky can be seen from the dome opening at the top, hence another name for the cave—the Cave Leading to the Sky ( 通天洞 ).

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The carvings on the cliff  On the cliff of the cave, there are many carvings. At the entrance are two typical Song Dynasty carvings. “Tsuantsang Returning to the East” （唐僧取经） and “the “White Horse Carrying the Buddhist Sutras”( 白马驮经 ). The former one tells a story about the Journey to the West. The monk is named Tsuantsang( 玄装 )in the Tang Dynasty traveling to India for Buddhist scriptures accompanied by Monkey King.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) The caving of Maitreya Buddha  Key points: briefing on the carving of Maitreya Buddha; the legend about Maitreya Buddha

无忧 PPT 整理发布 A ． Briefing on the carving of Maitreya Buddha  Of all the 338 carvings, the most prominent one is the Maiteya Buddha, simply called Laughing Buddha. It was carved in the year 1,000 during the Northern Song Dynasty. You see, he laughs from ear to ear because he is happy to see people come to China and pay a visit to Hangzhou. According to the scripture of Buddhism, when Sakyamuni passed away, he became the successor, so he was also called Future Buddha. But you may find this Buddha looks exactly like a Chinese, not an Indian.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 B ． The legend about Maitreya Buddha  The Maitreya Buddha attains the image from a fat monk by the name of Qici from the Five Dynasties over 1000 years ago. The monk, also nick-named Cotton Bag Monk., lived in a temple in Fenghua county, Ningbo city. He always begged alms in the village with a cotton bag in his hand and with his chest naked. One day before he died, he said: “I’m the Maitreya Buddha and the Maitreya Buddha appears in many different forms; I’m always with you people every day, but you guys can never recognize me.” Not until then people believe he was actually the Maitreya Buddha. Since then all the Laughing Buddha made in China is on his image. Another feature of the Buddha is his big belly, or beer belly. In China, there is an old saying: a carefree mind, a fatty kind. That is to say, if you are happy all the time, you will get healthier and someday you are going to have a beer belly like Laughing Buddha.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 11. Duowen Heavenly Guardian; The Thunder Pavilion and Cold Spring Pavilion

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) Duowen Heavenly Guardian  Key points: briefing on Duowen Heavenly Guardian; the differences between stone carvings in the south and in the north

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) briefing on Duowen Heavenly Guardian  This is the statue of one of the four heavenly guardians who are in charge of the four directions of the Buddhist world. His name is Duowen and takes charge of the north. Duowen heavenly Guardian is also considered to be the god of wealth of the Buddhist world. Riding on a strong lion and armed with heavy armors and a pestle, he looks so powerful and vivid. Among the carvings on the peak, the statue of Maitreya Buddha is regarded as the masterpiece of the carvings of Song Dynasty and the statue of Duowen Heavenly Guardian is generally considered the masterpiece of the carvings of the Yuan Dynasty.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) the differences between stone carvings in the south and in the north  The art of stone carvings in China started from the north; therefore, most of the carvings exist in the northern part of China, such as Dunhuang, Datong and Luoyang. But it came to a decline after Tang Dynasty. The carvings on the cliff, with many other carvings in the south, carved after Tang Dynasty. They are much different from the carvings in the north. First, they were carved on the cliff while the carvings in the north were carved in grottoes. Second, they were carved out from the limestone while the ones in the north were carved out of granite.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  2) He Lei Pavilion (the Thunder Pavilion) and Leng Quan Pavilion (Cold Spring Pavilion)

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) He Lei Pavilion ( the Thunder Pavilion)  Facing the Guardian, there stands a pavilion known as the Thunder Pavilion. It was built in Song Dynasty when the tenth generation of grandson of the first emperor of Song Dynasty served as the governor of Hangzhou. It was so named because nearby there used to be a dam with a flood gate ( 闸门 ) holding the Cold Spring water. The lock would be pulled up when the stream was flooding, making a thundering noise.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) Leng Quan Pavilion (Cold Spring Pavilion)  Key points: the origin of the pavilion’s name; the plaque and the couplet on the pavilion

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The origin of the pavilion’s name  More importantly and interestingly, there is another pavilion next to this one. It is called Cold Spring Pavilion as the Cold Spring is in front of it. The pavilion used to stand in the middle of the Cold Spring pool dating from the mid-Tang Dynasty. People could come to sit on the bench in the pavilion with their feet dipping in the water while doing rod fishing. The pavilion was washed away by the mountain floods. It was rebuilt on the bank in the Ming Dynasty.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The plaque and the couplet on the pavilion  There are two things making the pavilion important and interesting. One thing is there used to have a plaque on the pavilion. On the plaque, there were three characters in Chinese “Leng Quan Ting”, namely, Cold Spring Pavilion. The first two characters were written by Bai Juyi, a well- known poet in Tang Dynasty when he was the governor of Hangzhou. The third character was written by Su Dongpo, another well-known in Song Dynasty 200 years later. The style of latter character was much different from the former two. The plaque was damaged in Ming Dynasty. The present one was written by general Guo Huaruo ( 郭化若 ).  Another thing is the couplet on two pillars of the pavilion. It raises two questions for people to answer. The couplet reads: “When did the spring begin to cool; where did the peak fly from?” The two questions have aroused much curiosity and attracted much temptation from the visitors.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  12. The Front Hall/ Heavenly Guardians’ Hall; the Statue of Veda

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1)The Front Hall/ Heavenly Guardians’ Hall  Key points: the difference of the clay Maitreya Buddha; the four Heavenly Guardians

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) The difference of the clay Maitreya Buddha （弥勒佛）  Here in the shrine facing the main entrance is Maitreya Buddha, or Laughing Buddha. Different from the stone Laughing Buddha on the cliff of the Peak Flying from Afar, this one is made of clay and younger than that one. The Buddha smiles very kindly. He is laughing from ear to ear because he is happy to see so many visitors come to pay homage to Buddha.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 ( 2) The Four Heavenly Guardians  Inside the hall, you can see four guardians, two on each side. The four clay figures, made in 1932, are eight meters high. They represent the four major protectors of Buddhist doctrines. They are supposed to be in charge of the four directions of the Buddhist world. Each of them takes care of one part of the world: east, west, south and north. They work together to bring favorable weather and to keep the world in peace, prosperity and harmony.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Dhrtarastra ( 东方持国天王 )  The one holding a Pipa takes care of the affairs in the east. As he plays the instrument, it can produce wind, so this guardian controls wind. It is also believed that the beautiful music he plays will make people believe in Buddhism gradually.  Virudaka （南方增长天王）  The sword carrier takes care of the affairs in the south. This sword can regulate climate. So he is in charge of climate.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Virupaksa （西方广目天王）  The one who holding a nake in his right hand takes care of the affairs in the west. The snake is known as small dragon in China, and the dragon can summon rain. So he commands rain.  The one with an umbrella takes care of the affair in the north. This umbrella is used not to provide against rain but to bestow money and valuables and to suck in and keep under control all trouble makers.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The Statue of Veda  At the back of the hall, you can see the statue of Weituo, or Veda. In Buddhist legend, Veda is a general under the Guardian of the South. Buddhism honors him as the Guardian of the Law. This statue was carved out of a single piece of camphor wood about 800 years ago. It’s the oldest statue in Lingyin Temple. Veda is always standing in front of Sakyamuni, served as temple guardian, holding a pestle for destroying demons.  Veda serves as the chief bodyguard of Sakyamuni. Behind it there’s a story. It is said that Veda was very brave and loyal to the Great Buddha. Whenever he found people doing something wrong, he would kill them without any delay. One day when the great Buddha got that information, he called Veda and had talk with him. He said: “I know you are very brave and loyal to me, but it’s improper to kill people at some small reasons. From now on, without my word, you can never lay any fingers on people. So Veda, standing opposite the great Buddha, is waiting for the Buddha’s order.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 13. Fairy Island  Key points: the red boy; the three layers of Fairy Island

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) The red boy  On the back wall is a group of relief clay sculptures with a height of 20 meters. It is called Fairy Island. In this group sculptures, there are altogether 151 images in different poses. It tells a story about a boy named Red Boy who went to 53 immotals to learn Buddhism. At age of seven, he wanted to become one of the disciples of Guanyin, Goddess of Mercy. In order to test his determination, Guanyin made him some troubles and difficulties on purpose, but gave the boy a hint to go to 53 immortals for help. That took the boy five years. At last with the help of the 53 immortals the boy overcame all the difficulties and became one of the disciples of the Goddess of Mercy.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The three layers of Fairy Island  Key points: Guanyin, or Goddess of Mercy; Di Zang Bodhisattvas, or the Guardian of the earth; the sculpture of Sakyamuni meditating in Snow Mountains

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) the bottom layer--- Guanyin, or Goddess of Mercy  The Fairy Island consists of three layers. Now, let’s look at it from bottom to the top.  The statue at the middle of the bottom layer is Guanyin, or Goddess of Mercy. She is believed to live at sea, so she is standing on the back of a big fish. The water from the bottle in her hand is called the Water of Mercy, or Sweet Dew. It’s supposed to be able to cure all kinds of diseases. Among all the Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, Arhats, even including Sakamuni, Guanyin is the most popular with the Chinese people. It is because she is believed to be able to carry all living creatures to the other shore of happiness, that’s to say, delivering all living creatures from torment.  What’s more, she is considered to be able to send a baby-boy to any family. You see, there is a boy on her left who is the Red Child as I told. After he went through the trials and tribulations to consult 53 famous masters, he became a disciple of Guanyin. On the right of Guanyin stands the daughter of Dragon King. She and Red Child are both assistants of Guanyin and are popular known as “Golden Boy and Jade Maiden”. One two sides of this layer are 18 Arhats standing on various sorts of animals while they are crossing the sea to pay homage to Guanyin.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) the middle layer---Di Zang Bodhisattvas, or the Guardian of the earth  At the middle layer is one of four famous Bodhisattvas in Buddhist world who is named Di Zang Bodhisattvas, or the Guardian of the earth. He is a prince from Korea and demonstrates his power on Mount Jiuhua. He swears he will help the human being to go to the heaven and he will remain the last one to go. The other Bodhisattvas are Guanyin Bodhisattvas, Wen Shu Bodhisattvas and Pu Xian Bodhisattvas.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) the top layer---The sculpture of Sakyamuni meditating in Snow Mountains  On the top layer is the sculpture of Sakyamuni meditating in snow mountains. He looks much older than his age, in his 30’s at that time, because he led a very simple life without nutrition. But he survived by eating the wild fruits offered by a mokey and drinking the milk by a deer. That’s why you can see these two animals beside him.  Now look up, you can find an old man with white hair sitting there. He is Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism. Sakyamuni was a prince in ancient India, the present Nepal. When he was 15 to 16 years old, one day he went out of his palace, and found people outside suffering from starvation, disease, oldness and death. As he backed home, he started to find an answer and a way out, but he couldn’t.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  At age of 29, one day he ran away from the palace and said goodbye to his wife and children and got into the snow mountain and spent six years searching for the enlightenment. But life there was so hard, sometimes he got no food and no drink. Sakyamuni decided to stick it till the bitter end. Two animals were deeply moved by his action. The monkey got some wild fruits for him to eat and the deer offered her milk for him to drink. Through six years of self-cultivation in the snow mountain, he couldn’t find a solution.  So one day he moved out of the mountain and had a big shower in a river. After the shower he got fainted because of hunger and fatigue. At that time a milky girl passed by, offering some milk for him to drink. Then he sat down under one bodhi tree and thought and thought for 49 days. He tested all kinds of temptations and went through attacks from devils. At last he reached the full enlightenment.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 14. Briefing on Lingyin Temple  Key points: briefing on Lingyin Temple; the Sutra Pillars; the Plaques; In front of the Front Hall and out of the Front Hall

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) Briefing on Lingyin Temple  Lingyin Temple is “No. 1 Buddhist Monastery in Southeast China”. It means this temple is the oldest, largest and most well-known in China. It was first built in 326AD during the Jin Dynasty about 1600 years ago. Its founder is an Indian Monk named Huili. When he came to Hangzhou, he found this place nestled in the woods from the hill with serene and beautiful surroundings, and thought it must be the place for the Buddha to retreat his soul. So he settled down here and had this temple built, and named it “Lingyin Temple” which means “the Monastery of Soul’s Retreat”.  During the Wuyue Kingdom about 1,000 years ago, the temple met its heyday with 9 buildings, 18 pavilions, 72 halls and 1.800 rooms. It was rated as one of the “Five Famous Buddhist Temples in South of Yangtse River” in Southern Song Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kang Xi visited the temple four times and Emperor Qian Long paid sis visits to the temple. After liberation in 1949, the temple has undergone 3 large renovations. The present buildings were reconstructed in 1988 by the local government.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The Sutra Pillars  The two sutra pillars in front of the Front Hall are the oldest remains of this temple. They were built in the year of 969AD and remain standing until today, though part of them is eroded. They are the witness of the temple, so they have great archaeological value.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) The Plaques  Please look at the two plaques hanging above the main entrance of the hall. The lower one tells us the hill in front of it coming flying from the Vulture Peak in ancient India. The upper one bears the name of the temple written by Emperor Kang Xi in Qing Dynasty. It’s interesting to note that the name written by the emperor for the temple is not “Lingyin Temple”, but “”Yunlin” instead.  According to a folktale, it is a mistake the emperor made when he wrote the name because he had drunk too much. Another saying goes like this: one day, Emperor Kang Xi climbed to the top of the North Peak behind the temple and found the temple was surrounded by fog. The beautiful sceney reminded him of a poem composed by a famous Tang Dynasty poet. Thus, he named the temple “Yunlin Temple”. However, up to now, the temple is still called “Lingyin Temple” by the local people.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  4) In front of the Front Hall and out of the Front Hall

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) In front of the Front Hall  Before we enter the temple, please take a look at this stupa. As I’ve told you, the temple is over 1670 years old. But nothing in it is that old. The oldest witnesses of the temple include these two sutra pillars in front of the Front Hall, one here, the other on the other side. The two pillars were built in the year 969AD and remain standing till today, though part of them is eroded. They are of great archaeological value.  Do you see the two plaques hanging above the main entrance of the hall? The upper one bears the name of the temple written by Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. The lower one tells us the fact that the hill in front of it came flying from the Vulture Peak in ancient India.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  It is interesting to note that the name written by the emperor is not ‘Lingyin’, but ‘Yunlin’ instead. According to a folktale, the emperor made a mistake because he had drunk too much. Another saying is that he thought the name ‘Yunlin’ was more suitable for it. Anyhow, whatever the emperor said must be obeyed, hence the plaque. However, the local people neglected the emperor’s opinion and are still calling this temple ‘Lingyin’.  Now let’s go into the temple to have a close look. Here we need to pay another admission fee, but I’ve got this ‘check’ here.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) Out of the Front Hall  Now ladies and gentlemen, today in the temple, there’re two treasures. One is the statue of Veda, standing in the Front Hall, facing back this way. It’s a big statue and was carved out of one single block of camphor wood. This one here is a camphor tree. It’s interesting to note that this tree tends to become hollow once it grows to a certain size. So it’s really something to find a big tree like this, which was not hollow. What’s more, the statue was carved in the Southern Song Dynasty over 800 years ago.  The other treasure is the statue of Sakyamuni, founder of Buddhism in the main hall. It’s the biggest sitting Buddha statue made of wood in China. Now please follow me and I’ll give you some detailed explanations about the statues in the halls.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  15. The Main Hall/ The Great Buddha Hall/ The Grand Hall;  the Statue of Sakyamuni;  20 Devas (heavenly being) ( 诸天 ) and the Female Cannibal ( 食人者 ) ;  12 Pratyeka Buddhas ( 园觉 )

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) The Main Hall/ The Great Buddha Hall/ the Grand Hall  Key points: the construction of the Main Hall and two pagodas; the statue of Sakyamuni;

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) The Main Hall/ The Great Buddha Hall/ the Grand Hall  Key points: the construction of the Main Hall two pagodas

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1)the construction of the Main Hall and two pagodas  Now we move to the second hall, the Main Hall or the Great Buddha Hall. It’s 33.6 meters high. The building we see today was built in 1910 during Qing Dynasty and was restored in 1956.  The hall is one-story building with three eaves and is in Tang Dynasty style of architecture. In the middle of the top, you can see two dragons and one silver pearl. They are called “Two Dragons Playing with A Pearl”.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) two pagodas  Here in front of the hall, there are two pagodas. They were built in 960AD, when Hangzhou was the capital of the Wuyue Kingdom. The king had them built in honor of a Grand Monk. They are the oldest witnesses of the temple.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The statue of Sakyamuni  Key points: descriptions of the statue the story of Sakyamuni

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Descriptions of the statue  Now let’s enter the hall. The big statue sitting in the center is Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism. It is made up of 24 pieces of camphor wood with a height of 19.6 meters. It is the highest wood statue in sitting position in China. It is coated with 3 kilogrames of pure gold. A Chinese saying goes like this: to show the value of a men, he should be dressed up; to show the value of a Buddha statue, it should be gilded.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Now let’s pay attention to this statue. Please look at his blue hair knot. It’s a kind of hairy style in ancient India for man. Blue is symbol of the sky. It shows that Sakyamuni is as great and high as the sky. On his forehead, you can see a glass ball which is called the Eye of Wisdom. The mirror behind his head is known as mirror of brightness. Around the mirror are seven small images of Buddha, they are images of Sakyamuni before he got enlightenment, so one of them is Sakyamuni himself. The ear-lopes of Sakyamuni is big and long. It’s 1.3 meters long. The long ear-lope in China is symbol of longevity. The position the Buddha sititing in is Lotus Position. There are two reasons for his lotus position. In Buddhist believers’ mind, lotus symbolizes of purity because lotus emerges from the mud in the pond but keeps unstained, and also it’s said lotus was the national flower in ancient India so that Sakyamuni had that flower for the Buddhism.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) the story of Sakyamuni  Sakyamuni was the prince of an ancient Indian kingdom, named Gautama. It is said that the moment Sakyamuni was born nine dragons appeared in the sky, spraying water onto him to give him a good shower. Sakyamuni was able to walk and talk immediately. He took seven steps into each of the four directions and, with one hand pointing to the sky, the other pointing to the earth, said: From the heaven to the earth, I am the most respectful. At each step he took, lotus flowers emerged from the ground to meet his feet. As you know, lotus is the symbol of purity. As legend says that Gautama’s mother became pregnant when she was dreaming that a saint riding an elephant into her body. And Gautama was born from the right side of his mother in a park named Lumbini. Gautama was leading a very good life but one day he realized that the pleasure of life would eventually disappear and that one would finally get old, fall sick and die. He became very upset. Consequently, he left his home and family and spent six years searching for enlightenment.  In the following 45 years, he traveled across central India preaching. He was called Sakyamuni, meaning “Saint of the Sakya”. Sakya was the name of a clan in northern India in the mid-sixth century BC.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) 20 devas (heavenly being), the female cannibal and 12 Pratyeka Buddhas  On both sides of this hall, you can find 20 guardians including four Heavenly Guardians and Weituo in the Front Hall. They are called devas (heavenly being) ( 诸天 ). The female guardian on the right side holding a child in her hand is the female cannibal ( 食人者 ).

无忧 PPT 整理发布  The goddess used to be a Yaksha ( 鬼子母神 ), in English, a malevolent spirit, or a female cannibal. In the past she looked mean and ferocious, though she looks kind generous now. The cannibal had a thousand kids and loved them dearly. The most favorite one is her youngest boy. According to the Buddhist Scripture, never a day passed without her eating a child from some other family. When Guan Yin, Goddess of Mercy, learned of this, she decided to convert her. She stole Yaksha’s youngest son and hid him and went to her when she was like a cat on hot bricks. The cannibal told Guan Yin her trouble.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  “You have lost only one child, and still have 999 left. So what?” said Guan Yin.  The cannibal stood there, silent. She realized that she was a sinner indeed. From then on she turned over a new leaf. In time she became a disciple of Guan Yin, and so did her youngest boy standing beside her now. She looks kind and generous today.  This story shows the Buddhist nature—saving all mortal from sufferings and bringing them peace and bless. It also proves that Guan Yin is one hundred percent the Goddess of Mercy.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  At the back of this hall sit 12 figures, called Yuanjue( 圆觉 ) or Pratyeka Buddha, meaning the Buddha who attain enlightenment by self-cultivation and their positions are between the Buddha and the Arhat. Lingyin Temple is the only temple which contains 12 Pratyeka Buddhas in the Main Hall.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  16. The Hall of the Medicine Buddha; The Scripture Repository and Huayan Hall ； The Arhat Hall

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) The Hall of the Medicine Buddha  Key points: Medicine Buddha ( 药师佛 ); three saints of the Eastern World ( 东方三圣 ); 12 medicine Yaksas ( 药童 )

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Medicine Buddha  The third hall we see in this temple is Hall of Medicine Buddha. Restored in 1994, this hall houses the statues of Medicine Buddha and his disciples. According to the Buddhism, the world is divided into three parts, namely Eastern World, Central World and Western World. Medicine Buddha is the director of the Eastern World. Sakyamuni and Amitabha are directors for the other parts respectively. Medicine Buddha is sitting in the center and dominates the scene. He is believed to bring people good health and longevity. He holds a pagoda in his hand, which can suppresse all the evil spirits of diseases and blesses the believers with good health.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) three saints of the Eastern World  The two figures standing on his two sides are his two assistants, Bodhisattva of Moonlight and that of Sunlight. They present Yin and Yang in Chinese culture. According to Chinese medicine, when a person maintains a good balance of Yin and Yang in the body, he is in good health. When he loses the balance, he falls sick. That’s how the Medicine Buddha helps people to have good health with the assistance of the two Bodhisattvas. Medicine Buddha with his two assistants stands for the “three saints of the Eastern World”.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) 12 medicine Yaksas  On both sides of the hall, stand 12 special guardians. They are known as medicine Yaksas in Buddhism. Each of them is shaped like one of the 12 symbolic animals and protects the 12 years in a round. The 12 symbolic animals are rat, ox, tiger, hare, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and boar/hog, which are used to denote the year of a person’s birth. You may figure out your symbolic animal according to the year you were born and turn to the right yaksa, who would treat you like a doctor.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The Scripture Repository and Huayan Hall  Key points: the Scripture Repository, Huayan Hall

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The Scripture Repository  The fourth hall is the Scripture Repository and the fifth hall is Huayan Hall. Both of them were built in 2002. They are up on the slope of the Northern Peak and nestled in the woods, making them afar from the vanity fair of the world and are ideal places for self-cultivation.  The Scripture Repository consists of Yunlin Repository ( 云林藏宝 ), the Hall for Preaching Buddhist Doctrines ( 法堂 ), and the Scripture Repository ( 藏经楼 ). In the Scripture Repository, there stored various kinds of Buddhist books and other antiquities.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) Huayan Hall  Huayan Hall is the highest hall of Lingyin Temple. It is featured with the giant statues of the Three Saints from Huayan Sect ( 华严宗 )of Buddhism. They are made of Nanmu wood with superb workmanship. The statue in the middle is an image of Sakyamuni after he got enlightened. On the two sides of him sit two Bodhisattvas, Puxian ( 普贤 ) and Wenshu ( 文殊 ). To the east of the hall, there is a pond which tells the story “Nine dragons washing Prince” ( 九龙吐水 ). To the west, there is a statue of a Japanese monk, who was trained in Lingyin Temple and created Zhenyan Sect ( 真言宗 ) of Buddhism when he was back in Japan.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) The Arhat Hall  Key points: the history of Arhat Hall; the origin of Arhat; the four Bodhisattvas in the Arhat Hall

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) the history of Arhat Hall  The Arhat Hall stands in the west of Lingyin Temple. The original one was destroyed in a fire in 1936. The present one was built in 1999. In the hall, there are five hundreds of Arhat statues made of bronze. Each statue weighs 1000 kilograms with a height of 1.7 meters.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) the origin of Arhat  Arhats were real persons. They were actually monks who had attained enlightenment and have broken away from reincarnation. The Buddhists believe in reincarnation or transmigration. To be precise, there’re six levels of reincarnation: heavenly-beings, human beings, ogres, animals, hungry ghosts and hellions. If a person is suffering in this life, he must have done something evil in their previous life. So the person need save up enough credits by doing good deeds for their future life. For example, your previous life might have been a horse. But because you saved up enough credits by doing all the good deeds, you were granted to be a human being in this life. You may have noticed that all the arhats have very strange appearances. It tells us a message that if you want to be an arhat, you must have a peculiar face.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) the four Bodhisattvas in the Arhat Hall  In the center of the hall sit the four most popular Bodhisattvas, namely, Guanyin (Avalokitesvara or Goddess of Mercy), Puxian (Samantabhadra), Dizang (Ksitigarbha) and Wenshu (Manjusri). They represent the four major characters of Bodhisattva: Manjusri represents Universal Great Wisdom; Samantabhadra represents Universal Worthy Great Conduct; Ksitigarbha represents Earth Treasury King Great Vow and Avalokitesvara represents Great Compassion.  Among the four Bodhisattvas, Guanyin is the most widely worshiped in this area. Most Buddhists have a small statue of Guanyin at home, especially female Buddhists.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  III. Yue Fei’s Tomb and Temple Scenic Area

无忧 PPT 整理发布  17. Briefing on Yue Fei’s Temple; The plaque of “The Loyalty Is As Bright As Sunlight”;  Yue Fei’s statue

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) Briefing on Yue Fei’s Temple  Key points: Brief introduction; The history of Yue Fei’s Temple; The layout of Yue Fei’s Temple

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Briefing introduction  Key poits : The location and constructive style of the temple; How many Yue Fei’s Temples are there in China?

无忧 PPT 整理发布 A. the location and constructive style of the temple  The one is different from others. Unlike the Buddhist temples, it is a memorial one, dedicated to a national hero by the name of Yue Fei. He fought against the invaders from the north and recovered much of the lost territory. Unfortunately, he was murdered by a traitor named Qin Hui, who was actually the Prime Minister. The story took place in the South Song Dynasty over 800 years ago, while Hangzhou served as its capital. There are Yue Fei's Temples in three places in the country.  Besides the temple in Hangzhou, there is another temple in Yue Fei’s hometown, Tangyin county, Henan Province, and the third one is in Yilan county, Taiwan Province. But the temple in Hangzhou is most worth visiting for Yue Fei’s remains buried there. Yue Fei’s Temple is located at the foot of Xixialing Hill, facing the West Lake. The gate of the temple was built in Qing Dynasty style.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 B. how many Yue Fei’s Temples are there in China?  There are Yue Fei's Temples in three places in the country. Besides the temple in Hangzhou, there is another temple in Yue Fei’s hometown, Tangyin county, Henan Province, and the third one is in Yilan county, Taiwan Province. But the temple in Hangzhou is most worth visiting for Yue Fei’s remains buried there. Yue Fei’s Temple is located at the foot of Xixialing Hill, facing the West Lake. The gate of the temple was built in Qing Dynasty style.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The history of Yue Fei’s Temple  Yue Fei’s temple was first built in 1221 in Southern Song Dynasty on the basis of a Kwan-yin temple. It was renamed as Martyry Temple in Ming Dynasty and reconstructed in 1715 in Qing Dynasty. During the Cultural Revolution, from 1966 to 1976, it was totally destroyed and almost smashed into pieces by the Red Guard. And the temple now was reconstructed in 1979 after the Cultural Revolution.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The plaque of “The Loyalty Is As Bright As Sunlight”  Look at the plaque on the hall. The four characters were written by Mr. Ye Jianying, one of the ten marshals of PRC. The meaning is “My heart is as bright as the sun in the sky” ( or “My heart is as bright as sunlight” ). Before his death, when Yue Fei was asked to sign on a piece of paper with some false evidences, he refused to do so and wrote down some characters instead, “My heart is as bright as the sun shining in the sky” to show that he was innocent and someday he would be exonerated. The characters on the plaque express the words from his bottom of heart.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) Yue Fei’s statue  In the hall the one catching your eye first is the big statue of Yue Fei. This sculpture was also built in 1979 when the temple was restored. It’s 4.54 meters high.  Yue Fei wears helmat and armor, with a sword in his left hand, which reopresenting he was a general. But outside of the armor is a robe in purple color with dragon designing. This is a dress for a high-ranking official to go into the imperial palace to see the emperor. The animals designed for this robe are not dragons, but Mang, a dragon-like animal with three fingers in each paw. Dragon is an animal with five fingers in each paw. A dress like this with armor and official robe together means Yue Fei was well versed in both polite letters and martial arts.  Look up at the ceiling, you can find there painted 300 cranes, symbol of the longevity. As a human being, Yue Fei didn’t have a long life, but his spirit of Being Loyal to the Motherland handed from generation to generation.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  18. Yue Fei’s background information; the Murals (the first four)

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) Yue Fei’s background Information  Key points:  The birthday and birthplace of Yue Fei;  His name and style name;  The background information about Yue Fei’s joining into the army and his achievements;

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The birthday and birthplace of Yue Fei; His name and style name  Yue Fei was born in 1103 in a farmer’s family in Tangyin County, Henan Province.  It was said that upon his birth, there was a giant bird flying over The Yue’ house, therefore Yue Fei was name Fei, namely flying, and he styled himself Penju. ( 鹏举 ), meaning “ a large bird is flying over”.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The background information about Yue Fei’s joining into the army and his achievements  Under his mother’s education, Yue Fei never forgot her instruction “ To be loyal to the motherland”. At age of 13, he learned Chinese martial arts from his master, Zhou Tong and practiced it very hard. And he became very much accomplished in Martial arts. In 1122, Yue Fei joined the army. Under such a circumstance, Yue Fei joined the army at the age of 20. Because of his bravery and intelligence, he was promoted from an officer to a higher position and a general to lead an army named Yue Family Army, a well- disciplined and brave army. Led by Yue Fei, Yue Family Army won many victories in the wars against the Jin invaders and recovered some of the lost territories.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) The background behind the murder of Yue Fei and the process of the murder  A. The complot of the traitors  After the great victory the whole country was happy except the traitors and the emperor. What’s wrong? Because if the whole country were reunited, the two kidnapped emperors would come back and he would not be an emperor any more. Actually being an emperor for 15 years he really enjoyed the emperor’s life in Hangzhou. Well, he would lose such a beautiful life, so he didn’t want Yue Fei to fight again against the Jin invaders and make peace with them.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  B. The process of the murder of Yue Fei  Around the emperor gathered a group of traitors. Qin Hui, the prime minister, as the head of this group, said something ill in front of the emperor behind Yue Fei. So at last the emperor believed in them and within 24 hours he issued 12 imperial orders to call Yue Fei back from the front. Yue Fei felt so sad to have all these orders, but he had to obey. As soon as he came back to Hangzhou, he was promoted to a higher position, but no commanding of his army. Not so long he was put into the jail in the charge of betraying the emperor. At last in 1142 he was murdered by a glass of poisonous wine. When he died, he was just at the age of 39.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (4) A brief introduction on Yue Fei  General Yue Fei was a Song commander who led an army north against the Jin invaders when Hangzhou was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Despite his success, he was ordered to withdraw by Emperor Gaozong on the advice of his Prime Minister, Qin Hui, who favored capitulation. Yue Fei was framed, arrested and killed along with his son, on the charge of some “probable” crimes.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Only 21 years later, Yue Fei was exonerated under the force of public opinion and buried with due ceremony. In 1221 a temple was also built to honor Yue Fei at Qixia Ridge. For generations, people have visited here to pay their respects to the hero who was determined to recover the lost territories.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  2) The Murals (the first four)

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) Studying Diligently and Training Hard / Learning diligently 勤学苦练  Now look at the eight murals one by one. The first is “Studying diligently and training hard. It tells that when Yue Fei was at age of 13, he learned Chinese martial arts and practiced it very hard from his master, Zhou Tong, the old man in white beard in the picture. Until he grew to age of 17 or 18 he becomes so strong that he could pull open a bow of 100 kilograms.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) Mother Tattooing Characters / Mother tattooing Yue’s back 岳母刺字  Look at the second mural. When Yue Fei joined the army at the age of 20, in order to encourage his son to flight bravely against the Jin invaders and do some great contribution for the country, his mother tattooed four Chinese characters on his back “ Be loyal to the Motherland 。 ” The old lady was Fue Fei’s mother and the younger one was his wife.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) Recovering Jiankang / Recapturing Jiankang 收复建康  The city Jiankang is today’s Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province. In 1130, Yue Fei led his army to fight against the Jin invader in Jiankang, at last the Jin invaders were defeated by the Yue Family Army and the city was recovered. Later the Jin invaders felt frightened whenever hearing the name of the Yue Family Army, a saying among them goes like this: It’s easier to shake a mountain, but hard to defeat Yue’s Army.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (4) In Alliance with Heshuo / Uniting with anti-Jin forces 联结河朔  In order to make his army more powerful and strong, Yue Fei united all the farmer’s rebellion troops against the Jin at the both sides of the Yellow River. Later they played an important part in the fighting with the invaders.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 19. the Murals (the latter four) ； the Loyalty Cypress  1) The Murals (the latter four)

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (5) Recovery of the Lost Territory / Recovery our lost territories 还我河山  This one tells the story that Yue Fei, on his way from Lin’an (today’s Hangzhou) to Jiangzhou(today’s Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province), climbed a mountain by the Yangtze River. He looked to the north area occupied by the Jin invaders, and wrote down four characters “Recovery of the Lost Territory” ， expressing his ambition to have all the lost territories recovered.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (6) Great victory at Yangcheng / A signal victory won at Yancheng 偃城大捷  In 1140, the Yue Family Army had a big fight with the invaders in Yangcheng and gave the invaders a severe attack and totally defeated them. And Yue’s army headed for Zhuxianzhen, only 225 kilometers away from Bianliang (today’s Kaifeng), the capital of the fallen Northern Song Dynasty.  After the victory, the folks were so happy to welcome the soldiers and commanders back. You see, Yue Fei on the white horse was offered a bowl of wine by a middle-aged man, but he refused because he thought that was not the right time, he would have a big drink until he had the whole country reunited. Pity is that he never realized that dream, just a wish.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (7) Forced to Withdraw / Compelled to retreat 被迫班师  After the great victory the whole country was happy except the traitors and the emperor. What’s wrong? Because if the whole country were reunited, the two kidnapped emperors would come back and he would not be an emperor any more. Actually being an emperor for 15 years he really enjoyed the emperor’s life in Hangzhou. Well, he would lose such a beautiful life, so he didn’t want Yue Fei to fight again against the Jin invaders and make peace with them. Within 24 hours, 12 imperial orders were issued to Yue Fei to withdraw from the battlefield. Yue Fei felt so sad and angry, but he had to obey.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (8) Unjust Charge at Fengbo Pavilion / An unjust case at the Wind and Wave Pavilion 风波冤案  As soon as Yue Fei came back to Hangzhou, he was promoted to a higher position, but no commanding of his army. Not so long he was put into the jail in the charge of betraying the emperor. One day when Yue Fei was asked to sign on a piece of paper with some false evidences, he refused to do so and wrote down some characters instead, “My heart is as bright as the sun shining in the sky” to show his innocence.  On 29th, Dec., 1142 in Chinese Lunar Calendar, the day before the Spring Festival, he was poisoned to death by a glass of wine offered by Qin Hui. When he died he was just at the age of 39.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) Loyal Cypress Pavilion  Key points: the signification of the semi-pavilion; the formation of the cypress fossil; the signification the cypress fossil reflects;

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The signification of the semi-pavilion  Now we come to a semi-pavilion which is called Loyal cypress Pavilion. Semi-pavilion represents the half of the nation because the country had lost half of its territories and the whole nation was not reunited.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The formation of the cypress fossil  It was said this big cypress tree used to be planted near the Fengbo Pavilion. At the time as Yue Fei was killed by Qin Hui, the tree withered and died at once. Later it turned into fossil and people were deeply moved and had this pavilion built to host this cypress fossil.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) The signification the cypress fossil reflects  But it took the cypress 120 million years to become a fossil and Yue Fei was killed only about 800 years ago. So it was not possible that these two incidents had any relations. The fossils were collected to tell a legendary story, which shows people’s respects toward Yue Fei, the national hero for his loyalty towards our motherland. The fossil of cypress implies Yue Fei’s faithfulness and unyieldingness.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  20. The Stele Corridor ； The Tomb Stone

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) the Stele Corridors  Key points: the stone tablets; the value of the steles; the four characters “Jin zhong bao guo”

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The stone tablets  Now we are in the courtyard of stone tablets. On both sides of the yard are arranged 125 carvings or steles. The northern side contains poems, memorials to the throne, and other formal writings in Yue Fei’s calligraphy (handwriting); while among the steles on the southern side, some are poems by prominent persons throughout history to express their respect for the national hero, others are records of repeated repairs and renovations that the temple has undergone.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The values of the steles  Stele of Wen Zhengming’s Poem All these steles are of high cultural and historical value. But the most important one is the poem“manjianghong”( 满江红 ) composed in 1530 by Wen Zhenming( 文徵明 ), a noted artist of the Ming Dynasty. He hints that it was the emperor other than Qin Hui, the Prime Minister who wanted Yue Fei to die. It was very bold of him to do this, because in the feudalistic society, no one could say anything unfavorable about the emperors. That’s why for a long time, Qin Hui, the Prime Minister had been regarded as the murderer of General Yue Fei. Now we understand, he was only a scapegoat.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) the four characters “Jin zhong bao guo”  Why does the character “Jin zhong bao guo ” lack a stroke and remain uncompleted?  Please look at the wall at the eastern end of the tomb yard. On the wall there are four characters “Jin zhong bao guo”. The character “guo” lacks a stroke. Why is it not completed? The lack of one stroke in the character “guo” refers that at that time the country had lost half of its territories and the whole nation was not reunited.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The tombs stone  Key points: the legend of Stone Wen Zhong; the symbols of horse, goat and tiger;

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1)The legend of Stone Wen Zhong  The stone figures standing in front of the tomb are the tomb guardians, made in Ming Dynasty about 500 years ago. They are named Stone Wen Zhong. Wen Zhong was a very strong man and brave warrior in the Qin Dynasty over 2200 years ago. As he died, the First Qin Emperor ordered to have his image made of bronze to commemorate him. Later, images in his like were made standing in front of the tombs of the emperors and the kings to prevent them from being robbed.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The symbols of horse, goat and tiger  You can also see six stone animals, three on each side. They are stone tigers, stone goats and stone horses. The animals represent Yue Fei’s virtues. The horse represents loyalty; the goat is symbol of obedience and nice to parents and the tiger symbolizes bravery. They were also placed during the Ming Dynasty.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  21. The tomb yard; the four kneeling cast iron statures

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) The tomb yard  Key points:  the treatment of Yue Fei’s remains after his death;  the construction of the tomb; its style and its significance

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The treatment of Yue Fei’s remains after his death  Here you can see two tombs, the big one is the tomb of Yue Fei with his remains inside, and the small one is the tomb of Yue Yun, Yue Fei’s son.  It was said the night when Yue Fei was killed, a jail guard named Wei Shun, respected Yue Fei a lot and risked his life to steal Yue’s body and buried somewhere secretly (under a pile of snail shells). He didn’t dare to tell that secret to anyone else, even his wife. As time passed away, one day he got pretty sick and was dying, he called his son and told him this big secret.  In 1163, 21years after the death of Yue Fei, when the second emperor came into power, he decided to clear Yue Fei’s name in order to win people’s heart and support. Then posters were hung up looking for Yue’s remains. At that time the son of the jail guard dared to speak out the secret told by his father and the location of Yue’s remains. So the tomb of Yue Fei here is a real one. But the tomb of Yue Yun is the one without remains inside. When Yue Fei was murdered, the next day Yue Yun and Zhang Xiang were chopped off into two pieces and hung up at the gate of the city wall for three days. So nobody dared to risk his life to get the body and buried them.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) the construction of the tomb; its style and its significance  The tomb was renovated in Southern Song Dynasty architectural style in 1979, which is situated in the west of the temple’s compound. It’s the most important historic relic of this spot and is under the protection of the state. The gate to the tomb was rebuilt with its arched wing corridors according to Southern Song architectural style as well. On both sides of the path leading to the tomb stand the preserved ceremonial stone guardians—six stone figures of civil officials and military officers, two horses, tow goats, and two tigers. The stone tigers and goats were made in the Southern Song Dynasty together with the tomb, while the others were added during renovations at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) the four Kneeling Cast Iron Statues  Key points: the position and story of each figures ； the history of the construction and reconstructions of the figures

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The position and story of each figures  At the both sides of the gate you can see four kneeling iron figures. They were four traitors. One was Qin Hui, the prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the one beside him was his wife. Qin Hui and his wife are on the north and their two accomplices Zhang Jun and Moqixie on the south. Moqixie was a court official and Zhang Jun, a general. We’ve already known that Qin Hui played a trick to kill Yue Fei, so he needed to kneel down in front of Yue Fei and asked his forgiveness.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Why did his wife kneel down together with him? It was said, the lady, named Wang Shi, was so wicked that she made her husband kill Yue Fei without any hesitation. When Yue Fei was put into the jail, Qin Hui wanted to kill him immediately but he found no evidence to do that. He felt so worried that he lost the taste of eating and drinking. One day his wife came to him and said: It’s easy to catch a tiger, but difficult to release it. That means if the general was set free, the Prime Minister would be in trouble. Hearing the advice, Qin Hui made his mind to order to kill Yue Fei without any delay. So this ugly-hearted lady also needed to kneel down in front of Yue Fei and asked for Yue’s forgiveness.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The history of the construction and reconstructions of the figures  The four iron figures had been damaged eight times and reconstructed nine times since 1513 in Ming Dynasty. Because all the visitors would spit on them out of hatred of the traitors, the figures became decayed in Qing Dynasty. So Ruanyuan founded it again which were disappeared during the Culture Revolution. The present ones were made in 1978.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  IV. Six Harmonies Pagoda

无忧 PPT 整理发布 22. General Information about the pagoda  Key points: The origin of the pagoda; the history of its construction; the external part and internal part of the pagoda

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) The origin of the pagoda  Key points: the briefing of the pagoda; the origin of its name

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The briefing of the pagoda  The pagoda was first constructed in 970 AD, but it went through many times of fires and wars and it was last rebuilt in 1153. Three big renovations have been taking place after the liberation in 1949.  When people first hear the name of the Six Harmonies, that reminds them of the Buddhism, but the making of the pagoda has noting to do with Buddhism. Only its name is from six codes of the Buddhism.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The origin of its name  The name of the pagoda is related to six codes of Buddhism. Six Harmonies mean the harmonies of body, mind, opinion, speech, wealth and abstinence from temptation. If a pagoda related to the Buddhism is built, it’s for two purposes, either to keep the Buddhist scriptures, like the Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi’an or to bury the remains of the high-ranking monks, like the Pagoda in Shaolin Temple in Henan Province. Another explanation goes that the six harmonies refer to the harmony of six directions of the universe— north, south, east, west, heaven and earth.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The history of its construction  Key points: the date of the construction; the reason for the construction of the pagoda; the history of its damages and reconstructions

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The date of the construction  The pagoda was first constructed in 970 AD in Northern Song Dynasty by Qian Hongshu( 钱弘俶 ), the King of Wuyue Kingdom.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The reason for the construction of the pagoda  The construction of this pagoda is to suppress the tidal waves of the Qiantang River, which come from the sea into the river, surging upstream. The bores were so destructive that the local people suffered a lot. They had got nothing to do, just left for begging. But at that time people were very superstitious and believed if they built a pagoda near the river, the pagoda would take control of the tidal waves. So that this pagoda was set up by the river to take control of the tidal bores and later the pagoda is used as the lighthouse for the night navigation.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) The history of its damages and reconstructions  Since its completeness over 1000 years ago, the pagoda went through many times of fires and wars and it was last rebuilt in 1156. The present structure underwent a major reconstruction in 1900 and three big renovations following after the liberation in 1949.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) The external part and internal part of the pagoda  Key points: The size, height and number of stories of the pagoda ； The external part and internal part of the pagoda

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The size, height and number of stories of the pagoda  The pagoda is built in storied-pavilion type. It is 200 feet high. To be precise, it is 196.5 ft or 59.89m high. When it was first built, it was a nine-story pagoda. But it collapsed in the Southern Song Dynasty about 800 years ago. In 1153 when it was rebuilt it was made into a seven-story structure. It has 13 stories outside, but seven stories inside.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The external part and internal part of the pagoda  The pagoda is made of the two parts, the internal part of stone and bricks and the external part of wood and tiles. In the pagoda there's no lift/elevator to take you to the top, but a spiral staircase of 226 steps leading to the top. If you like, you can climb to the top to get a bird's eye view of the Qiantang River and the bridge, as well as the surrounding mountains.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  23. The Qiantang River; the Qiantang Tidal Bore; the Explanation for the Tidal Bore

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) The Qiantang River  Key points: the general information about the Qiantang River (its headwaters, its length, its drainage area, the cities and counties it flows through the names of its upper reach, middle reach and lower reach); the origin of its name

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The general information about the Qiantang River  Qiantang River is the biggest river in this province, known as the Mother River. The river is the southern terminal of the Grand Canal, which begins from Beijing and all the down to Hangzhou.  Originated from the Xiuning County, Anhui Province, the river flows down through Chunan, Jiande, Tonglu, Fuyang and Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province. It is 605 kilometers long with a drainage area of 48800 square meters. The river is divided into three parts: the upper reach is named Xinan River, the middle Fuchun River and the lower Qiantang River.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The origin of its name  The name Qiantang came from the embankments on the river. During the Wuyue Kingdoms in the Five Dynasties, the King Qian had this embankment built because of the tidal waves washing away the farmlands at both sides of the river. Benefited from this embankment, the local people named it Mr. Qian's Embankment, which is pronounced as Qian Tang in Chinese. So this part of the river is named Qiantang River.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The Qiantang River Tides  Key points ： the best places and time to watch the tidal waves of the Qiantang, the history of watching tidal waves, the remarkable natural phenomenon of the tidal waves, the explanation of the tidal waves

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The best places and time to watch the tidal waves of the Qiantang River  The river is famous for its spectacular tidal waves. Every year around the Moon Festival, on the 15th day to 18th day of the eighth lunar month, thousands of the tourists as well as the local residents are attracted to view this awesome natural phenomenon and experience the mighty power of the nature.  The waves come from the sea into the river and surge upstream all the way to the end of the lower reach of the river. The best place to see this mighty tidal waves is Yanguan town in Hainin County, about 45 kilometers away from Hangzhou and the waves are at its most spectacular on the 18th day of the 8th month by the lunar calendar, when the combined attraction of the moon and the sun for the sea is greatest. According to the historical record, in 1956, the tidal waves rose to six meters high and swept a 1.5-ton iron ox 10 meters away. You can imagine how powerful the tidal waves are.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The history of watching tidal waves  Watching the tidal waves of the Qiantang has been a significant event for over 2000 years. In the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), when Hangzhou was the capital of the country, the event reached its height. People in the capital city had a happy time for a whole week over the tidal waves. The 18th of the 8th lunar month was supposed to be the tidal waves’ birthday, on which the imperial fleet was reviewed.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (3) The remarkable natural phenomenon of the tidal waves  The Qiantang River tides is a remarkable natural phenomenon that has excited many people. The first thing that meets the eye when the tidal waves come is a long, white streak across the horizon. In the meantime, one seems to hear the muffled thundering in the distance. A few minutes later ， the white streak turns itself into myriads of silvery fish chasing each other up the river happily. As the tidal waves approach, the spectator sees a wall of water piling up higher and higher as if tens of thousands of untamed horses were galloping. The deafening noise inspires nothing short of awe and admiration.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) The explanation for the excessive momentum of the tidal waves  Firstly, It is related to the attraction and movement of the sun and moon. Secondly, it is attributed to the fact Hangzhou Bay, the outlook of the Qiantang, shaped more or less like a huge trumpet.  A geographical survey shows that the section of the river in Yanguan is no more than three kilometers (1.8 meters) wide as against 100 kilometers (62 miles) at the estuary. When the sea tides come up, it brings huge amounts of water (about 100000 tons) pushing inland at a speed of 30 kilometers (18.64 miles) per hour, but the abrupt narrowing of the river prevents its smooth progress. With waves coming upon waves, the tide eventually surge higher and higher, forming a gigantic white of tidal water.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  24. The Qiantang River Bridge; the statue of Monk Zi Tan; the Imperial Stele Pavilion

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1 ） The Qiantang River Bridge  Key points: the length of the bridge, the the construction of the bridge, its designer; its aspect and its functions

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) the length of the bridge  Qiantang River Bridge is 1453 meters long. Its construction was started on Aug. 8, 1934 and the bridge was opened to traffic on Sep.26. The bridge was designed by Mao Yisheng(1896-1989), a great Chinese engineer at a time, but was soon blown up by him in order to stop the Japanese invaders from pushing further south. It was repaired in 1947, two years later after the Anti- Japanese War.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) the construction of the bridge  Qiantang bridge is the first one built on this river. It is double decked for two functions. The upper deck is for automobiles and the lower for trains. In Hangzhou, there will be 10 bridges on Qiantang River in the future. Seven of them have been completed.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2 ） the statue of Monk Zi Tan  Key points: the position of Zi Tan; His contribution to the reconstruction of the pagoda

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The position of Zi Tan  The bronze-colored statue you look at is Zi Tan, who was the director monk of the temple beside the pagoda in Southern Song Dynasty over 800 years.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) His contribution to the reconstruction of the pagoda  The Six Harmonies Pagoda was constructed in 970 AD. But it collapsed because of wars. Being the director monk of the temple, Zi Tan decided to collect donations for the reconstruction of the pagoda. It took him 12 year to asking for alms. At last he got enough funds and had the pagoda rebuilt in 1153. Thus his statue was set up here to commemorate him.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) The Imperial Stele Pavilion  Key points: the aspect of the stele; the contents on it

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Please look at this stele. It’s the stele inscribed by Qianlong, the emperor of Qing Dynasty. The stele records the history of the damages and reconstructions of Six Harmonies Pagoda as well as the emperor’s feelings while he was viewing the beautiful scenery around the Qiantang River. The stele is 4.35 meter high and 1.5 meter wide with clear inscriptions so it has high historical and cultural value. Unfortunately the original stele pavilion was damaged. The present one was constructed on the foundation of the original one in the year of 1997.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  25. The Story of Liuhe; Three Statues

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) The Story of Liuhe  Look at the white statue here. It's a fishing boy, named Liu He, looking so angry and determined. Can you see what he’s doing? He is filling the river with stones. The boy, Liuhe, lived by the river with his family and villagers. One day the Dragon King in the East China Sea made a big tidal wave and his parents and the villagers died of that flooding, he was the only survivor.  The boy felt so sad and angry that he wanted to teach the dragon King a good lesson. From that day on he collected these big stones day and day and put them by the river. When he thought he had enough of these stones, he started to throw the stone into the river in order to smash the palace of the Dragon King and kill him finally.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  That made the Dragon King very headachy. He ordered his guardians to have a talk with the little boy. The boy refused all the offers given by the Dragon King, but said he could stop throwing the stones into the river unless the Dragon promised three things, that is, giving back his parents and villagers, regulating the tidal waves and reducing the power of the waves.  At first the Dragon King refused to agree with his requirements, but finally he gave up. After that all the villagers lived happily by the river. In order to commemorate this little boy, they had this pagoda built named after him.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) Three Statues (the statue of King Qian; the statue of Lu Zhishen; the statue of Wu Song)  Key points: King Qian shooting arrows at the tides; the death of Lu Zhishen; Wu Song entering the Buddhism

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The statue of King Qian Shooting Arrows at the Tides  Now please look at the three statues. The first one is Qian Liu, the first King of the Wuyue Kingdoms who had the pagoda built to suppress the tidal waves. He loved his people and was sad to see his people suffering from the tidal waves. One year on the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival, when the waves were the highest, the King organized about 10000 people to line up by the river. At the right time, with the order from the King, 10000 arrows were shot together at the tides which brought by the evil spirits and the evil spirits were shot dead. Therefore, the king didn’t have any difficulty in building the embankments and people lived happily and peacefully by the river.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2)The statues of Lu Zhishen and Wu Song  The second and the third are two heroes from a rebellion uprising in the Northern Song Dynasty. They were also two figures from one of the four well-known classical novels by the name of " Story of the Marsh". The other three are "Dream from the Red Chamber", "Romance of Three Kingdoms" and “Journey to the West"  Lu Zhisheng And Song Jiang joined in this rebellion. At last they surrendered to the imperial court and were organized to conquer another rebellion happening in this province, called Fang La Rebellion. At last they made that.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  On the way to the capital to be received and rewarded by the emperor, they spent one night at the temple by the pagoda. At the midnight, Lu Zhisheng was woken up by the deafening sound like the roaring of enemies marching toward to the temple. He got up and picked up his weapon and dashed out to fight with the enemies. But when he moved out of his room, he found no one outside but the roaring of the white tidal waves.  Seeing that he suddenly realized what his master told him: The moment when you hear the deafening sound and see the coming of the white waves, is the time for you to die. So he got back his room and had a big shower in scented water and changed into the clean garments and sat down peacefully. A few minutes later he was found dead. His body was buried at the temple by the pagoda.  Wu Song was a very famous hero for killing a tiger with his bare fist when he got drunk before he joined the rebel. He lost his left arm during the battle of conquering the Fang La Rebellion. After Lu Zhisheng died, he refused to get rewarded form the emperor and insisted on staying in the temple as a monk. He died at the age of 80.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 26. The Origin of the pagoda; the Function and development of pagoda in China  Key points: briefing on "Ancient Chinese Pagodas Exhibition Garden"; the origin of the pagoda; the Function and development of pagoda in China

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) briefing on "Ancient Chinese Pagodas Exhibition Garden"  For your better knowledge of the pagodas in China, the local government had this "Ancient Chinese Pagodas Exhibition Garden" built. There're altogether 100 mini pagodas, a scale-down of size of the original pagodas scattering all over the country.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) the Origin of the pagoda  Pagoda, as an ancient construct style with strong features of the nationality, was originated from India. It came to China when the Buddhism started to be practicing during the Han Dynasty over 2000 years ago. In 67 AD, Buddhism was introduced to China by two Indian monks. As part of Buddhism, stupa came to China too. It was first built to store the relics of Sakyamuni after his death, such as bones, hairs and teeth. Later it was used as a kind of the tomb to bury the high-ranking monks, called stupa. With the growth of Buddhist population, more and more stupas were built but in combination of Chinese architecture. And they got a new name in China, pagoda.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) The Functions and Development of the pagoda in China  Key points: the development of the pagoda; the functions of the pagoda

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (1) The development of the pagoda  The pagoda in the old day is for the Buddhism only. Burying the monks was its main function. Later with the development of Chinese culture and history, the function or the purpose of making pagoda have enlarged a lot.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 (2) The functions of the pagoda  First, it can be used to have a bird's eye view of the scenery, like the Six Harmonies Pagoda in which we're now. You can climb through the stairs to the top to enjoy the beautiful sceneries.  Second, it's used as a watch-house, like the Liaodi Pagoda in Ding County, Hebei Province. It's a pagoda to watch out for the enemies. It took 55 years to finish, from the year of 1001 to 1055 during the Northern Song Dynasty. It is 84 meter high, the highest pagoda existing in China today.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  Third, it can be a lighthouse, like the Six Harmonies Pagoda. During the day time, seeing this pagoda people will know they are closer to the sea and at the dark night it's the signal of the directions.  Forth, it's used to beautify the city, like Baochu Pagoda by the West Lake in Hangzhou. It's slender and elegant like a beautiful lady standing on the Precious Stone Hill.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 27. The Structure and types of ancient pagodas  Key points: the structure of ancient pagodas; the types of ancient pagodas; the Well-known Pagodas in China

无忧 PPT 整理发布 1) The structure of ancient pagodas (the function of different parts of the pagoda)  For the architectural point of view, a pagoda consists of four parts: the underground chamber, the foundation, the body and the top.  The underground chamber is used to keep the Buddhist relics, gems and the Buddhist scriptures. It is same as the ancient Chinese emperors' tombs, for example, the underground city of the Ming Tombs in Beijing.  The foundation of the early pagoda was usually low. To make the upper part of the pagoda more solid and magnificent, after the Tang Dynasty, the foundation part was made of two parts, the stand and the pedestal. The stand was the previous foundation and the pedestal was getting higher, more magnificent and elegantly decorated with the development of the architecture.

无忧 PPT 整理发布  The body is the main part of the pagoda and its inside is either hollow or solid. For the pagoda of the solid, the internal part is filled with bricks and stones. And for the pagodas of the hollow, their bodies were made of different materials. For example, some are made of woods, others have bricks walls and wood floors and pillars leading to the top and so on.  The top is the most important part of the pagoda. It usually designed in round or needle shape.

无忧 PPT 整理发布 2) The types of ancient pagodas  In China there’re many different kind of pagodas in terms of their structures: the storied-pavilion type( 楼阁式 ), the dense- eave type （密檐式）, the overturned-bowl type (Stupa type) （覆钵式）, the Vajra- throne type （金刚宝座式）, the pavilion type ( 亭阁式 ), the floral type （花式） and the crossing-the-street type （过街式）

无忧 PPT 整理发布 3) The Well-known Pagodas in China  Examples for the storied-pavilion type: Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi’an, Tiger Hill Pagoda in Suzhou, and Six Harmonies Pagoda in Hangzhou.  Examples for the dense-eave type: Little Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi’an.  Examples for the pavilion type: Four-Gate Pagoda in Licheng, Shadong.  Examples for the overturned-bowl type (stupa type): White Pagodas of Miaoying Temple and of Beihai in Beijing, White Pagoda of Hangzhou  Examples for the Vajra-throne type: Pagoda of Zhenjue Temple and Biyun Temple in Beijing.

无忧 PPT 整理发布无忧 PPT 整理发布 Presentation on the Scenic Spots of Hangzhou 杭州景点讲解.

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无忧 PPT 整理发布无忧 PPT 整理发布 Presentation on the Scenic Spots of Hangzhou 杭州景点讲解.

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