1. The science and art of transcription Sheryl L. Chatfield, M.S., CTRS slchatfi@olemiss.edu http://scresearchjournal.weebly.com/ Nova Southeastern University

3. In 20 minutes (or less) Personal experience ******Three Key Ideas****** Additional considerations Recommended resources

4. Why transcription? Limitation: focus mostly on ‘surface semantic content’ My experiences The distant past The recent past The present - Dresing, Pehl, & Schmieder, 2012

5. Three ideas AcceptanceInvestmentGrowth

6. Acceptance Challenges Difficult decisions Limitations…..alsoAdvantages “closeness” to the data Improving interviewing or moderating skills -Oliver, Serovich and Mason (2005); Skukauskaite, 2012

7. Investment Hardware Computer with typist friendly keyboard Other equipment Optional equipment

8. Three button Infinity by VEC USB transcription foot pedal

9. Investment Software Improving file quality Zamzar; Audacity; Wavepad Transcribing ExpressScribe; f4, f5; Hypertranscribe; Transana Other utilities Screenflow A few words on voice recognition

10. Zamzar file conversions

11. Audacity

12. WavePad

13. Express Scribe (free version) for Windows

14. Express Scribe for Mac

15. F4 (Windows)

16. F5 for Mac

17. HyperTranscribe

18. Transana

19. Screenflow controls

20. Screenflow Editing

21. Voice recognition

22. (the big) Investment… Time!

23. Growth: Expanding expression and presentation “Director’s cut” Found poetry Narrative or storytelling Visual presentations: graphic novels and animations Dramatic expression Multimodal transcription - McCormick, 2000a, 2000b, 2004; Norris, 2006)

24. Using Audacity to insert spaces, add additional tracks, and overdub comments

25. The process of creating ‘found data’ poetry

26. Interview transcript reinterpreted as a two-voice narrative; see McCormack, 2000b in the reference list

27. Using Comic Life 3 To illustrate a Focus group Note: this interpretation is based on a simulated focus group

28. Animation with Go Animate The link below goes to an instructional video; the same method could be used to re-present your transcript: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQKVITAMnVU (For more adventures of qualitative ninja girl, go to: http://scresearchjournal.weebly.com/ And click on the tabs for QNG

29. The transcript as “script”

30. Norris, 2004 The multimodal transcript: Gesture; gaze; proximics; posture; facial expressions; objects

31. Considerations Do you need to do it all? Do you need to do it at all? Goals of research Expected and hoped for audience -Halcomb & Davidson, 2006; Markle, West, & Rich, 2011

32. References and resources Cahnmann-Taylor, M., Wooten, J., Souto-Manning, M., Dice, J.L. (2009) The art and science of educational inquiry: Analysis of performance-based focus groups with novice bilingual teachers. Teachers College Record, 111(11), 2535-2599. Davidson, C. (2009). Transcription: Imperatives for qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(2). Retrieved from http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/IJQM/article/view/4205 http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/IJQM/article/view/4205 Dresing, T., Pehl, T., & Schmieder, C. (2012). Manual (on) transcription: Transcription conventions, software guides and practical hints for qualitative researchers (2 nd English ed.). Marburg, Germany: The authors. Retrieved at http://www.audiotranskription.de/english/transcription-practicalguide.htm. http://www.audiotranskription.de/english/transcription-practicalguide.htm Halcomb, E. J. & Davidson, P.M. (2006). Is verbatim transcription of interview data always necessary? Applied Nursing Research, 19, 38-42. Doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2005.06.001 Jenks, C.J. (2011) Transcribing talk and interaction: Issues in the representation of communication data. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins. Markle, D.T., West, R.E., & Rich, P.J. (2011) Beyond transcription: Technology, change and refinement of method. Forum: Qualitative Sozialforschung/ Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 12(3) Art 21. Retreived from http://nbn-resolving/de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1103216.

33. References and resources McCormack, C. (2000a). From transcript to interpretive story: Part 1- viewing the transcript through multiple lenses. Field Methods, 12(4), 282-297. Doi: 10.1177/1525822X0001200402. McCormack, C. (2000b). From transcript to interpretive story: Part 2- developing an interpretive story. Field Methods, 12(4), 298-315. Doi: 10.1177/1525822X0001200403. McCormack, C. (2004). Storying stories:A narrative approach to in-depth interview conversations. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 7(3), 219-236. Norris, S. (2004) Analyzing multimodal interaction: A methodological framework. New York, NY: Routledge. Oliver, D.G., Serovich, J.M., & Mason, T.L. (2005). Constraints and opportunities with interview transcription: Toward reflection in qualitative research. Social Forces, 84(2), 1273-1289. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1400594/ Saldaña, J. (2011). Fundamentals of qualitative research. New York, NY: Oxford. Skukauskait, A. (2012). Transparency in transcribing: Making visible theoretical bases impacting knowledge construction from open-ended interview records. Forum: Qualitative Sozialforschung/ Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 13(1) Art 14. Retreived from http://nbn- resolving/de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1201146.

34. References and resources Audacity: Free audio editor and recorder. Audacity.sourceforge.net Comic life 3 (import photos to comic strip templates) (Mac or iOS). Plasq products. Plasq.com/products/comiclife3 or Mac App store Express Scribe, (transcription software) Wavepad (audio editing software) NCH Software. www.nchsoftware.com www.nchsoftware.com F4 (transcription software for windows). F5 (free transcription software for mac) www.audiotranskription.de/english/downloads-en.html Go animate (animation software) goanimate.com Hypertranscribe (transcription software). www.researchware.com/products/hypertranscribe.html www.researchware.com/products/hypertranscribe.html Screenflow (computer screen recording software) (Mac only). Telestream. www.telestream.net/screenflo/overview.htm or Mac app store www.telestream.net/screenflo/overview.htm Transana (video analysis software with transcription capabilities and some CA support). www.transana.org www.transana.org Zamzar (free file conversions) www.zamzar.com