1. Learning Centre Multipliers training Technical training Entrepreneurship training Innovation / Research Multipliers Demand creation Promotion Solar Enterprise For profit Solar installation Demand satisfaction Customer care Employment creation Import Solar material “Solar Village”: Breeding Ground for a Carbon Free Development Lessons from Kenya, Abura Village and Sarah Obama Solar Learning Centre For profit Non - profit For profit/Non - profit Policy framework – Regional or National level Village frame Greenpeace Political mobiliza- tion & advocacy Research & know how exchange Communication/c ommunity mobilization Fundraising Micro-Enterprises Franchisee Re-Sellers Distributors Sole entrepreneurs Customers (private households, public institutions, companies – inside and outside village Core Elements

2. Learning Centre Multipliers training Technical training Entrepreneurship training Innovation / Research Multipliers Demand creation Promotion Additional Activities Community Organizing Health Courses Wood efficient stoves Farming & Forestry IT courses Solar Enterprise For profit Solar installation Demand satisfaction Customer care Employment creation Import Solar material “Solar Village”: Breeding Ground for a Carbon Free Development Lessons from Kenya, Abura Village and Sarah Obama Solar Learning Centre For profit Non - profit For profit/Non - profit Policy framework – Regional or National level Village frame NGOs, e.g. Greenpeace Political mobiliza- tion & advocacy Research & know how exchange Communication/c ommunity mobilization Fundraising Micro-Enterprises Franchisee Re-Sellers Distributors Sole entrepreneurs Policy making institutions 1a 2a 3a 2c 2b 2d 1b 3b 5a 5b Customers (private households, public institutions, companies – inside and outside village Finance Institutes For Profit Banks Microfin. institute Investors / Funds Non Profit Foundations Crowd funding 4 All Elements

3. Relations and their relations 1 – Policy making Institutions and Legal Framework 1a: National and international NGOs lobby for RE supporting legal framework on regional and national levels. 1b: (social) solar enterprise/s (SE): Lobby in their own interests – and do profit from better policy frame work that promotes RE. 2 – Finances 2a: Well recognized NGO acts as intermediary between donors and LC as well as investors and SE 2b: Namely in the beginning the NGO acts as a donor for the LC. 2c & 2d: In the long term the money flow is directly from donors to LC and investors to SE 3 – Training and Jobs 3a: The SE get qualified staff due to the training at the LC. Students from the LC get mentorship, internship and job opportunities at the SE. In the long term the SE shall finance the training of their future staff. 3b: LC enables micro-entrepreneurs (ME) to create their own business. 4 – Solar Enterprise and Micro-Enterprise The SE act as a wholesaler of solar materials and focuses on large projects (solar street lamps, solarchill for health centers, public buildings) and innovation. The MEs deal with small solar home systems and mobile devices. SE and ME might collaborate in a franchising system. 5 – Multipliers as key actors 5a: Volunteers, youth groups, women groups, etc. act as solar multipliers. They are trained in a crash course (1 to 3 days) in the LC. 5b: Multipliers act through demonstrations of solar gadgets at events, starting in the village and in the neighborhood to promote local market 6 – Additional Activities Depending on the locals situation additional activities might be required or useful to promote local development and solar market: Health courses (hygiene, food, family planning,…) Organic farming and agro-forestry Community organizing Energy efficient stove building Further notes - Basic assumption of these model, based mainly on experiences in Kenya (Sarah Obama Solar Learning Centre, Abura village) but also on learnings in Brazil, Cameroon and DRC, is that there must be a “hand-shake” between “top-down” (policies, market development etc.) and bottom-up, the practice/s. For this link, a “Learning Centre” is proposed as one option. - The interface/limit between non-profit and profit is not always clear or strict, but basically can be distinguished between “tasks of the society” like education and health service, and “business cases” for profit part. Of course, a start-up or a micro-enterprise may get some donation to establish the business or for marketing, but not for selling. Abbreviations: LC – Learning Centre, RE – Renewable Energy, SE – social Solar Enterprise, ME – Micro Enterprise