1. “We must be impartial in thought, as well as action,” Woodrow Wilson, 1914

2. Economic Consequences of Total War Trade with no one: banning loans Trade with everyone

8. Choices and Consequences DEFINING NEUTRALITY Responding to the 1915 Lusitania sinking Prohibit Americans from sailing on ships headed to the war zone. Demand that Germany pay reparations and accept the right of Americans to travel and trade where they wished or risk hostilities. Break diplomatic relations and ask Congress to declare war on Germany.

9. “I brought him up to be my pride and joy/ Who dares to place a musket on his shoulder/ To shoot some other mother’s boy.” Lyrics from the 1916 hit song “I Didn’t Raise My Son to be a Soldier” A Divided Nation

12. Wilson’s “Peace Without Victory” Speech, January 22, 1917 “Is the present war a struggle for a just and secure peace, or only for a new balance of power?” “It must be a peace without victory…Only a peace between equals can last.” “I am proposing that all nations henceforth avoid entangling alliances… government by the consent of the governed…freedom of the seas…moderation of armaments.” “These are American principles, American policies. We could stand for no others. And they are also the principles and policies of forward looking men and women everywhere, of every modern nation, of every enlightened community. They are the principles of mankind and must prevail.”

14. Received by US, February 24, 1917 Released to public March 1, 1917 Convinces Congress to authorize arming of merchant ships: “armed neutrality”

15. Is this a credible threat to the United States?

16. . “I shall always believe we could and ought to have kept out of this war,” House majority leader Claude Kitchin, a Democrat from North Carolina.