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Evaluation of Adopted Best Management Practices of Shrimp Farming in Sri Lanka using Life Cycle Assessment Keerthi Atapaththu Aquaculture and Aquatic.

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Presentation on theme: "Evaluation of Adopted Best Management Practices of Shrimp Farming in Sri Lanka using Life Cycle Assessment Keerthi Atapaththu Aquaculture and Aquatic."— Presentation transcript:

1 Evaluation of Adopted Best Management Practices of Shrimp Farming in Sri Lanka using Life Cycle Assessment Keerthi Atapaththu Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management Examination Committee: Dr. Amararatne Yakupitiyage (Chairperson) Dr. W.G.Gallardo Dr. D.P.Thakur Dr. R. Mungkung (External Expert) 1

2 Outline Introduction Objectives Methodology Results and Discussion
Life cycle and life cycle assessment Application of LCA in aquaculture Shrimp farming in Sri Lanka Objectives Methodology Study site Shrimp production system Grow out system Data collection Impact categories & assessment criteria Results and Discussion Conclusion and Recommendations References 2

3 INTRODUCTION Life Cycle Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
All stages of a product system from raw materials acquisitions or natural resource extraction to final waste disposal. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) LCA is a technique for systematically analyzed product from cradle to grave.

4 Cont…. Overview of Shrimp farming In Sri Lanka
Started during 1977 Culture Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Still recovering after disease outbreaks National Aquaculture Development Authority (NAQDA) implemented Best Management Practices (BMP) in 2005 BMP refers to the best-known way to undertake any activity at a given time Source: Sri Lanka Fisheries year Book, 2006,

5 System Classification
Unit Small scale Medium Scale Large scale Category –I Category-II Average size of a pond ha 0.4 0.7 0.6 Number of ponds 1-3 2-7 3-20 8-25 paddle wheel use % 22 100 Energy source Diesel and Electricity Electricity Stocking density Range PLs/m2 9-33 19-25 10-25 15-25 Management and culture operations done by Family members Family members and hired labors Separate workers for each activity Level of BMP adoption Less Medium more

6 BMP implemented for Grow out stage
Storage Tank Water Treatment . Fine screen . Chemical treatment . Biological treatment PL selection . PL 15-20 . Disease free Stocking Density (PL/m2) 1. Open system 4-6 . 15 PL with aeration . 25 PL permission need Pond preparation .Organic load removal .Liming .Fertilization Feed and feeding .Good quality feed .Daily monitoring .Keeping records Harvesting .Effluent discharge to Sedimentation area/ tanks .Harvest transport with hygiene condition Shrimp farming Resting Period Water treatment Resting 60 day resting Pond drying Removal of organic load Dike repairing Liming and fertilizing Source: NAQDA

7 Level of adaption to BMP
Best Management Practice Farm category Less adopted (Small scale) Medium level adopted (medium scale) More level adopted (large scale) Pond preparation Follow resting period Pond drying Organic matter removal Liming Fertilization X Water treatment prior to use Mechanical filter (mesh) for inlet X/√ Use storage tank √/X Chemical treatments biological treatments BMP for seed quality MBV content less than 12% negative for WSSV PL15-PL20 BMP for grow out stage Recommended SD stock according to crop calendar Feeding trays use Bio security system BMP for harvesting Effluent pass through specific area X – Not adopted √ - Adopted

8 Objectives Overall objective Specific Objectives
Assessment of adopted BMP in shrimp grow-out production stage in terms of its contribution for reducing adverse environmental impacts. Specific Objectives To identify and quantify inputs and outputs of shrimp farming systems To compare potential environmental impacts of different farming systems To identify the hot spots and options for environmental improvements To recommend ways in which systems can be improved to reduce adverse impacts

9 METHODOLOGY

10 The site selection for the study
Almost all shrimp farms and hatcheries are operating in Puttalam District in the North Western province. Therefore this study was conducted in Puttalam District

11 Frame work of the study Interview and discussion with key informant at NAQDA, and visit few farms Output, water quality, N, P, toxic material Sediment quality toxic substances Nutrient budgets Equivalency factors Management issues Setting Goal & scope definition System classification and Site selection Inputs Raw materials, Energy, feed water input etc Output, water exchange, production effluent disposal Secondary data from literature Primary data from farms Data collection Preparation of unit process & inventory analysis Calculate environmental potential Interpretation, Conclusion & recommendations

12 Grow out System Aeration Pond preparation Grow out stage Harvesting
Lime production Electricity / Diesel consumption Pumping water Feed Production PL Production Natural water body Water Sludge/sediment Pond Preparation Reservoir tank Organic matter from previous crop Stocking PLs Grow out Electricity or diesel Harvest Effluent Water treatment Chemicals Liming Land Boundary Sedimentation tank / area Sediments If –ve for WSSV & MBV content less than 12% Lime Production Feed Harvesting PL production Are there water treatment and reservoir linkage? Also do wastewater release to outside boundary? 12

13 Assessment Criteria Environmental Design of Industrial Products (EDIP) method was used ∑ Impact potential =∑quantity of substances (Qi) x substance’s impact potential (EFi) Impact Categories Energy consumption, Global warming Potential, Acidification potential, Eutrophication, Abiotic depletion, Land use and water dependence All impacts were calculated for a functional unit of 1000 kg shrimp

14 RESULTUS

15 1. Energy consumption Energy consumption increase with intensification of system Aeration is the process consumed more energy

16 2. Global Warming Potential
GWP & AP also follow the same trend as energy consumption

17 3.Acidification Potential

18 4. Eutrophication Potential
Small scale-I has highest water exchange rate Medium and large scale has higher NH3-N than small scale

19 5. Water Dependence and Land use
Category production kg/cycle Total Water use m3/cycle Water Dependence m3/1000 kg Total land area used m2/cycle Land Use m2/kg Small scale-I 1825 58508 32059 7000 3.80 Small scale-II 6075 175567 21329 18500 3.09 Medium scale 10267 315210 25719 39700 3.56 Large scale 25700 688347 18597 84700 3.29

20 6. Abiotic Depletion Variations are not much but depend upon the liming at pond preparation Majority of shrimp farms are in pyrite soil where pH vary from

21 WHICH STAGE CREATE MORE IMPACTS?
Pond preparation Harvesting Grow out stage Small scale-I Small scale-II Medium scale Large scale WHICH STAGE CREATE MORE IMPACTS?

22 Conclusion No considerable variation among four categories in land use and feed inputs. High productivity occur in large scale in terms of water use but less productive in terms of energy use. Opposite pattern shows in small scale while medium scale is in the inter mediate level. Grow out stage creates more (hotspot) environmental impacts BMP of feeding management helps to reduce environmental impacts and therefore environmental impacts related to feed production remain in the same range for all. Adopted BMPs related to pond preparation helps use optimum amount of lime and therefore ADP are in the same range. Even large scale farms adopted to BMP of effluent treatment, it does not effectively reduce eutrophication potential because of high ammonia concentration. Adopted BMPs are not support for energy saving. Therefore, GWP, AP are comparatively vary among four categories because of variation in energy consumption. (large>medium>small).

23 Recommendations Aeration Water exchange Removal of Ammonia in effluent
Storage Tank Water Treatment . Fine screen . Chemical treatment . Biological treatment PL selection . PL 15-20 . Disease free Stocking Density (PL/m2) 1. Open system 4-6 . 15 PL with aeration . 25 PL permission need Pond preparation .Organic load removal .Liming .Fertilization Feed and feeding .Good quality feed .Daily monitoring .Keeping records Harvesting .Effluent discharge to Sedimentation area/ tanks .Harvest transport with hygiene condition Shrimp farming Resting Period Water treatment Resting 60 day resting Pond drying Removal of organic load Dike repairing Liming and fertilizing Aeration Water exchange Removal of Ammonia in effluent Source: NAQDA

24 Cont… Energy saving during grow out period is needed to reduce GWP, AP and EC Paddle wheel modifications Paddle wheel operation time Alternative energy sources (solar power and wind) Culture of mollusks in effluent canals Further research are needed on Detailed analysis of water and sediment for ecotoxicity TSS and solid disposal

25 References IPCC (2006) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change In: H.S. Eggleston, L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara and K. Tanabe, Editors, IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, IGES. Guinée, J.B. (2002). Handbook on Life Cycle Assessment. Operational Guide to the ISO Standards, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 708 pp Papatryphon, E., Petit, J., Kaushik, S. J. and Van der Werf, H. M. G. (2004). Environmental impact assessment of salmonid feeds using Life Cycle Assessment. Ambio 33 No. 6, NAQDA, Sri Lanka Fisheries Year Book, (2006). National aquatic Resources research and Development Agency, Sri Lanka. Wenzel H., Hauschild M., Alting L.,(1997). Environmental Assessment of Products. volume 1. ISBN: Chapman & Hall, London UK

26 THANK YOU


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