1. The Spanish and French Build Empires
Chapter 2 Section 1

2. Conquistador Chart Read pgs. 50-53
People/Lands Conquered
Hernan Cortes

4. New Spain
All the lands acquired by conquistadors in Central America and the United States

6. Spanish Settle the Southwest
Failure to find gold in SW United States slowed settlement in this region
Juan de Onate migrated north of Rio Grande
Gave thanks reaching Rio Grand
New Mexico
Territory north of New Spain
Built forts called presidios, for protection
Few Spaniards migrated to NM

8. Spanish Settle the Southwest
Driving force for colonizing in the Southwest was the Catholic Church
Priest built missions to spread the Catholic faith among Navajo and Pueblo people in NM
Junipero Serra took missionaries to California
Established a chain of missions from San Diego to San Francisco
El Camino Real=Royal Highway

10. Spanish Settle the Southwest
California
Priests and missionaries forced natives to live close to the missions
New Mexico
Priest adapted to the lifestyle of the Pueblo
Built churches near the Pueblo
Tried to end traditional Pueblo religious practices
Pope ,Pueblo religious leader, organized an uprising
17,000 warriors destroyed most of the missions in NM

11. Spanish American Society
Society in the New Spain was a product of Spanish conquest
Society reflected goals of conquistadors=wealth and prestige
Encomienda System
Read Encomienda System on pg. 54.
Society Based on Class
Peninsulares-people born in Spain, usually appointed to highest positions
Criollos (Creoles)-those born in colonies to Spanish parents, were wealthy but couldn’t obtain high colonial positions
Mestizos- mixed Spanish and Native American , middle class to poor

13. Spanish American Society
Mulatto- mixed African and Spanish ancestry
African
Native Americans
Last 3 groups provided most of the labor New Spain's farms, ranches, and mines
Council of Indies- advised the king and watched over all colonial activities

15. Mining and Ranching
Established mines to extract minerals from the ground
Wanted gold, instead found huge deposits of silver in N. Mexico
Established ranches to feed the miners
Land was to dry to grow large amounts of food
Created large ranches called haciendas, herded sheep and cattle
Were worked by vaqueros

17. French Empire in America
King Francis I of France sent Giovanni Verranzo to map North America’s coast line
Wanted to find the Northwest Passage- northern route through N.A. to the Pacific Ocean
Paved the way for French explorers to explore N.A.

18. French Explorer Discovery (land, lakes, rivers)
Jacques Cartier
Samuel de Champlain
Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette
Rene-Robert Cavelier de La Salle

19. New France Colony established by the French in North America
Life in New France
Colony grew slowly=didn’t want to settle
Were interested in making $=fur trade
coureurs de bois-runners of the woods
lived among Native Americans=traded fur
Jesuit missionaries also lived among N.A.s

20. New France Expands
In 1663, King Louis XIV made New France a royal colony
Shipped 4000 immigrants
900 women=wives for single men
Women married between 16 & 20=given a royal wedding
Families with more than 10 children=received financial bonuses
By 1670, population grew to 7,000 and by over 60,000

21. Settling Louisiana Count Frontenac=governor of New France
Wanted to ship fur down Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico to France
Unable to b/c of there were no good harbors
Heat=spoiled food
Swamps=mosquitoes=malaria
In 1698, Lord d’Iberville founded Biloxi
Followed by Mobile and New Orleans
Built forts up the Miss. River

22. Settling Louisiana
French settlers grew several crops in S. L.A. to survive
Sugar, rice, tobacco, and Indigo
Required hard manual labor=settlers wouldn’t work unless paid well
Led to slaves being used=By 1721, 1,800 enslaved Africans

23. Rivalry With Spain French and Spanish empires bordered each other
There was no serious threat=settling in different areas
Spain=SW U.S.
French=along the Miss. River