1. Foreign Policies of McKinley, Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson Presidents’ Beliefs

2. All presidents desired to establish the United States as more of a super power and increase American commerce in foreign countries.

3. William McKinley Beliefs – Moral responsibility to Christianize and civilize those who were not – Main interest – to secure the will and interest of the average working man The “people” should get what they want – Wanted to expand the frontier – continue “manifest destiny”

4. Theodore Roosevelt Big Stick Diplomacy – “Speak softly and carry a big stick” – Big stick = military – International negotiations backed by threat of force U.S. has moral responsibility to “civilize” weaker nations Roosevelt Corollary (to Monroe Doctrine) – U.S. can use “international police power” in Latin America to prevent European nations from intervening

5. William Howard Taft Wanted to expand American trade Dollar Diplomacy – “Substituting dollars for bullets” – Maintain orderly societies abroad by increasing investments in foreign economies Main Goals – Maintain Open Door to China – Preserve Stability in Latin America

6. Woodrow Wilson Wanted Foreign Policy based on principles rather than materialism “Moral Diplomacy” – Hoped to spread democracy, condemn colonialism, and promote peace – 3 rd Party Mediation of Conflicts Nations would remain peaceful during mediation – Hoped "to cultivate the friendship" w/ LA Help other nations achieve self- government eventually – U.S. model (democracy)

7. Foreign Policy -Roosevelt wanted to keep peace among other nations and serve as a mediator while maintaining a public image of a superpower ("Big Stick") -Taft wanted to heavily develop foreign markets in poorer countries for American business ("Dollar Diplomacy") -Wilson was more concerned with the morality of American influence on foreign nations and strove to remain neutral in foreign conflict ("Moral Diplomacy")

10. Latin America Policies -Both Roosevelt and Taft sided with the insurgents in their revolutions (Panama and Nicaragua). -Both Roosevelt and Taft supported the Latin American countries for the United States' financial benefits. -While Roosevelt and Taft supported the rebels, Wilson did not acknowledge leaders of Mexico that rose to power from violent actions. -Roosevelt wanted Panama freed so he could easily build the Panama Canal, while Taft wanted Nicaragua to represent America's democratic government.

11. Conclusion -The Presidents preceding World War I attempted to revise the marketing system of the time to limit the abuses of power by the bigger corporations with various methods of achieving this goal.