1. Dear Kids, You Don ’ t Have to Go to College Dear Kids, You Don ’ t Have to Go to College Dear Kids, You Don ’ t Have to Go to College Dear Kids, You Don ’ t Have to Go to College Instead of the piece of paper on the wall that says you are an expert, you will have an array of products and experiences, reflections and conversations that show your expertise, show what you know, make it transparent. It will be comprised of a body of work and a network of learners that you will continually turn to over time, that will evolve as you evolve, and will capture your most important learning. Will Richardson Will Richardson

2. Background Behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism learning - theories utilized in the creation of instructional environments.Behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism These theories were developed in a time when learning was not impacted through technology. Over the last twenty years, technology has reorganized how we live, how we communicate, and how we learn. Learning needs and theories that describe learning principles and processes, should be reflective of underlying social environments. Vaill emphasizes that “ learning must be a way of being – an ongoing set of attitudes and actions by individuals and groups that they employ to try to keep abreast of the surprising, novel, messy, obtrusive, recurring events …” (1996, p.42).

3. Three epistemological traditions in relation to learning מסורות לחקר הידע Objectivism, Pragmatism, and Interpretivism –Objectivism (similar to behaviorism) states that reality is external and is objective, and knowledge is gained through experiences. –Pragmatism (similar to cognitivism) states that reality is interpreted, and knowledge is negotiated through experience and thinking. –Interpretivism (similar to constructivism) states that reality is internal, and knowledge is constructed. Background

4. “ One of the most persuasive factors is the shrinking half-life of knowledge. The “ half-life of knowledge ” is the time span from when knowledge is gained to when it becomes obsolete. Half of what is known today was not known 10 years ago. The amount of knowledge in the world has doubled in the past 10 years and is doubling every 18 months according to the American Society of Training and Documentation (ASTD). To combat the shrinking half-life of knowledge, organizations have been forced to develop new methods of deploying instruction. ” Challenges of rapidly diminishing knowledge life, Gonzalez (2004)

5. Some significant trends in learning Many learners will move into a variety of different, possibly unrelated fields over the course of their lifetime. Informal learning is a significant aspect of our learning experience. Formal education no longer comprises the majority of our learning. Learning now occurs in a variety of ways – through communities of practice, personal networks, and completion of work-related tasks. Learning is a continual process, lasting for a lifetime. Learning and work related activities are no longer separate. In many situations, they are the same.

6. Some significant trends in learning: מגמות Technology is altering (rewiring) our brains. The tools we use define and shape our thinking. The organization and the individual are both learning organisms. Increased attention to knowledge management highlights the need for a theory that attempts to explain the link between individual and organizational learning. Many of the processes previously handled by learning theories (especially in cognitive information processing) can now be off-loaded to, or supported by, technology. Know-how and know-what is being supplemented with know-where (the understanding of where to find knowledge needed).

7. מורכבות הלמידה Complexities of defining learning Driscoll (2000, p14-17) Debate centers on: Valid sources of knowledge – –Do we gain knowledge through experiences? –Is it innate (present at birth)? –Do we acquire it through thinking and reasoning? Content of knowledge – –Is knowledge actually knowable? –Is it directly knowable through human experience?

8. Established learning theories seen through technology - Questions How are learning theories impacted when knowledge is no longer acquired in the linear manner? What adjustments need to made with learning theories when technology performs many of the cognitive operations previously performed by learners (information storage and retrieval). How can we continue to stay current in a rapidly evolving information ecology?

9. Connectivism: An alternative Learning Theory for the Digital Age – George Siemens (2005) Learning activities are based not only Personal experience and meaningful learning task but also Technology and connection making The capacity to form connections between sources of information, and thereby create useful information patterns, is required to learn in our knowledge economy.

10. Established learning theories seen through technology - Questions How do learning theories address moments where performance is needed in the absence of complete understanding? What is the impact of networks and complexity theories on learning? What is the impact of chaos as a complex pattern recognition process on learning? With increased recognition of interconnections in differing fields of knowledge, how are systems and ecology theories perceived in light of learning tasks?