1. Properties of the Ocean Notes for Oceanography Solubility, Gases and Nutrients

2. Temperature variations with latitude. Notice the decrease in salinity at the equator which is due to increased precipitation at the equator

3. Canada: Department of the Environment 2014

4. Isopycnal Lines

6. http://lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/adelie/ADELIEMaps.html Density Layering at Antarctic Antarctic Drifter Experiment: Links to Isobaths and Ecosystems (ADELIE)

7. Salinity Levels at Antarctic (PSU) Antarctic Drifter Experiment http://lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/adelie/ADELIEMaps.html

9. Instrumentation to determine salinity, temperature and depth Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler

10. http://lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/adelie/argo_cycle.jpg ARGO Floats for Temperature and Conductivity

11. Ocean Oxygen Concentrations vs Temperature O 2 (ml/L)Salinity ( ‰) Temperature (°C) 0‰10‰20‰30‰40‰ 010.229.548.918.327.77 58.938.367.837.336.86 107.897.416.956.526.12 157.056.636.245.845.52 206.355.995.645.325.02 255.775.455.154.864.59 305.284.994.734.474.24 354.854.604.364.143.93 Solubility Spectrophotometry Lab: Naranya et al. 2005

12. http://www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/watch/climate_change/sinks.htm

14. Ocean pH

17. Carbonate Compensation Depth The CCD is the depth at which calcareous skeletons of marine animals accumulate at the same rate at which they dissolve. Depending on the mineral structure of CaCO3, the CCD is called calcite compensation depth (trigonal structure) or aragonite compensation depth (rhombic structure), respectively.

18. Approximately 800 meters

20. CCD Controlled by… pH Temperature Pressure Carbon Availability Foraminiferans Coccolithophores

21. Dissolved Salts and Substances Conservative constituents includes those that are not removed or added by living organisms (Duxbury) Non-conservation constituents include ions and molecules that can fluctuate through chemical and biological processes (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus…) Redfield Ratio C:Si:N:P = 106:40:16:1

22. This diagram shows the variations of oxygen and nutrients (here represented by the phosphate ion) with depth in ocean waters.

23. Check out page 166 in text

24. Human-caused carbon dioxide

26. Radiative Fog

27. Advection Fog

28. Sea Smoke