1. Who discovered America?

2. In 1492, Columbus Sailed the Ocean Blue Believed he could find a faster route to trade spices by sailing West Arrived in Bermuda and thought he was in the Indies Sailed throughout the Caribbean, but did not land in America Took slaves and gold back to Spain – The riches started a new wave of exploration

3. If Columbus discovered the Americas… Then how do we explain Nicotine in Egyptian mummies? Then how in 1400 BC did Copper, that can only be found in Lake Superior, be used in Mediterranean Boats? Then how did Japanese metal and pottery show up in Chile? Then how were boats Polynesian boats used in California and Chile around 1000 AD Then why do we celebrate Columbus Day in America?

4. Vikings discover America? Leif Ericson from Scandinavia created a settlement called Newfoundland around 999 AD Another settlement called Vinland established Norse penny from 1000 AD found in Maine

5. St. Brendan from Ireland 496 A.D. Lief’s route takes a very similar path as what St. Brendan would have Was looking for the world promised to the saints and spread religion Would’ve taken nearly 200 days to sail in his skin boat to arrive in what is now Connecticut – Stone chambers in Conn. use solar alignment Many consider his story folk lore – He claims to have ridden a large whale – Columbus went to Galway to study Brendan

6. Ice Age ended about 10,000 years ago

7. -Native Americans believed to arrive via Bering Land Bridge -Ice Age made water levels lower

8. 12,000 Years Ago – Artifacts found in New Mexico show that people referred to as CLOVIS, walked from Russia to Alaska – As ice bergs melted the Clovis followed the Rocky Mountains down into what is now Idaho, New Mexico and the Western United States.

9. 13,000 Year Old Spear Heads Found in Paisley Caves in Oregon

10. Maternal DNA Patterns

11. Paternal Migration Patterns