1. D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 1 Current Mercury Monitoring Approaches in Tribal Country David Gay NADP Program Office, dgay@uiuc.edu, http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu, (217) 244-0462

2. D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 2 What Can Be Measured? Mercury Cycle

3. D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 3 Deposition is a very good starting point! It is the starting place of Hg moving into the biosphere; It is rather simple, Straightforward Inexpensive Little training or experience needed.

4. Bioaccumulation of Methyl Mercury Bacterial action (water and sediment) Zooplankton Small fish predatory fish Water Body/pore water Me-Mercury Concentration Dry Deposition Wet DepositionGeologic Sources (soil, rock, base flow etc.) Methylation Hg Through Fall (wet+dry) Litter Fall

5. How Mercury is Wet Deposited? Hg o RGM Hg p RGM Hg o Hg p RGM rainout washout Oxidation (long lifetime)

6. Wet deposition Mercury sample

7. D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 7 Tribal Lands and Mercury Sources

8. What is the NADP?

9. A Cooperative Research Program (Un. Of Illinois) –Measure wet deposition, dry deposition & litterfall concentrations of mercury –North America Taiwan, Mexico, South America –Owned and operated by our members –Decisions made by our members –Started in 1978, 35 th year –Over 400,000 precipitation samples

10. dry wet

11. D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 11

12. Wet Deposition

13. Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) Collects one-week precipitation-only samples with MDN wet-dry collector Measures precipitation with gage Analyses Total Mercury Methyl Mercury Other options

15. Typical Wet Deposition Site (MDN)

16. Wet Deposition Collection

17. Mercury Deposition Network Brief Look at Frontier Geosciences, Analytical Laboratory

21. Dry Deposition

22. dry wet

23. Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS)

24. Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet) A New NADP Network Measure: –Hg species (Tekran system) –meteorology and land cover variables Elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) Gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) Particulate bound mercury (PBM) Estimate Dry Deposition

25. Coming Soon: Dry Deposition Estimates flux (F ) = air concentration x dry deposition velocity (V d ) F= V deposition * Concentration air where: R a as aerodynamic resistance, R b as quasi-laminar resistance, and R c as canopy resistance

26. Product Weekly estimates of dry deposition of –GOM –PBM2.5 To align with weekly wet deposition values –(wet + dry ~ total) Downward dry deposition of GEM –Working & coming soon –No evasion estimate (re-emission) –Not net deposition

27. Mercury Deposition Network New Trial Network, Litterfall Mercury

28. Results And what can be done with this information

30. D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 30

31. D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 31

32. D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 32

33. D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 33

34. D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 34

35. Mercury Deposition Network New NADP Trial Network: Mercury Litterfall Started in 2012 In cooperation with USGS and USGS Mercury Research Lab 14 stations (w/MDN) Monthly observations (May to Nov)

36. Network Cost

37. What Are People Doings with Our data?

40. What factors are affecting fish concentrations of Hg? –Water pH –Total dissolved solids –Dissolved sulfate Hg is overwhelmingly deposition Overwhelmingly anthropogenic Wiener et al., 2006 Environmental Science and Technology Vol 40 p 6261.

41. Mercury in Human Hair, By Region

42. Mercury Deposition Higher in Urban Areas

43. Gold Mining Locations important to Western Sites

44. Typical Mercury Concentrations in Fish

45. Trends In Precipitation Concentration

46. Questions and Answers

47. Current Mercury Monitoring Approaches in Tribal Country David Gay NADP Program Office, dgay@uiuc.edu, http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu, (217) 244-0462