1. Liquids and Solids
Liquids

2. Objectives
Identify and explain the properties of liquids according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory
Describe the process in which liquids turn to gases.
Describe the process in which liquids turn to solids

3. Properties of Liquids Definite Volume No definite shape
Less K.E. than gases
Intermolecular forces hold particles together
Constant motion of particles allows liquids to flow.
Gases and liquids are both fluids

4. Liquids Liquids are the least common state of matter in the universe.
Substances exist in the liquid phase in a narrow window of temperatures.

6. Liquids High density Particles are close together
Most substances are slightly less dense in the liquid state as compared to the solid state
Densities of liquid substances vary.

7. Liquids Relatively incompressible Particles are close together.
Able to readily diffuse.
Constant motion of particles
Diffusion of liquids is slower than for gases due to the particles being close together
Animation: How Diffusion Works

8. Liquids
Surface tension – a force that pulls adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, resulting in the smallest possible surface area
Capillary action is a closely relate property

9. Evaporation and Boiling
Vaporization – process in which a liquid turns to a gas
evaporation – vaporization that occurs below the boiling point
Boiling – occurs at the boiling point.

10. Formation of Solids Freezing – change from a liquid to a solid
Low kinetic energy results in particles being more attracted to each other and the formation of a more ordered structure