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U.S. History - UNITS 1- 6 “BUILDING BLOCKS” “RULES TO LIVE BY”

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Presentation on theme: "U.S. History - UNITS 1- 6 “BUILDING BLOCKS” “RULES TO LIVE BY”"— Presentation transcript:

1 U.S. History - UNITS 1- 6 “BUILDING BLOCKS” “RULES TO LIVE BY”
Beginnings to 1789 We become a country “RULES TO LIVE BY” 1787 – 1789 Constitution “BABY STEPS” 1789 – 1841 First 9 Presidents 4. “GROWING PAINS” 1790s s Lots of issues 5. “HOUSE DIVIDED” 1840s s Civil War & Reconstruction “LAND OF OPPORTUNITY” 1860s And that’s it, time for High School!

2 Chapters 4-6 1789-1841 The First Nine Presidents
UNIT 3 “baby steps” Chapters 4-6 The First Nine Presidents

3 Chapter 4 First Steps As the nation’s first president, George Washington establishes the U.S. government’s authority in domestic as well as foreign affairs. Political divisions and strife with France will rock John Adams presidency.

4 Chapter 4 Focus Question:
How did Americans respond to internal and external challenges?

5 Chapter 4, Section 1 Launching a New Nation p. 156-163
George Washington oversaw the creation of new federal departments and asked Alexander Hamilton to tackle the nation’s debt problem.

6 Question for discussion:
Is it important to keep your promises? Why or why not?

7 Washington’s Inauguration,
The First President Washington unanimously elected 1st President No one ran against him. Inauguration takes place in New York City ceremony of the oath of office of the Presidency Sets 1st precedent by adding the phrase, “so help me God.” to the oath an example to be followed by others in the future He picked a good team….. Washington was president for two terms: April 30, March 4, 1797 Washington’s Inauguration, April 30, New York City

8 Washington’s 1st Cabinet
Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson Foreign relations Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton Finance Secretary of War: Henry Knox Defense Attorney General: Edmund Randolph Legal advisor *Show video (p. 157) Hamilton, Washington, Knox, Jefferson, Randolph Washington’s “Dream Team”

9 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Judiciary Act of 1789* Establishes the Supreme Court (with 6 Justices) Also establishes lower court system: 3 Circuit Courts of Appeals 13 District Courts 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: John Jay - Appointed by Washington * The Supreme Court will declare this act (law) to be unconstitutional in 1803 Marbury vs. Madison They said one branch can’t grant powers to another branch John Jay 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

10 The Nation’s First Economic Crisis
Most of the national debt was in the form of bonds a certificate for an amount of money the government promised to pay back with interest Many bonds were sold to speculators for much less then they were worth. people who invest in a risky venture in order to make a profit How bad was the crisis? Government was so poor that Washington had to borrow $3000 to pay for his move to New York. p. 158

11 Hamilton’s Financial Plan (3 parts)
“Assumption” - U.S. Government assumes (will pay) all federal & state debts Charter a national bank Impose a high tariff (taxes) on imported goods How did people like it? Northern states favored (liked) the plan. Southern states HATED the plan (and Hamilton) Why? Alexander Hamilton: Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury

12 The Debt, the Bank, and the Tariffs Details of Hamilton’s 3-part plan:
“Assumption” = prove to the world that the new nation could pay off its debts - Convince others to invest in the U.S. Bank = Safe place to deposit government $$$ And allow the bank to print a national currency - Jefferson believed in a “strict” interpretation of the Constitution (No mention of a bank.) - Hamilton believed in a “loose” interpretation of the Constitution - Article 1, Section 8: “necessary and proper” clause Tariff = Impose a tax on all imported goods Raise money for the federal treasury and protect U.S. manufacturers from European competition Hamilton & Jefferson needed to make a deal….. Jefferson = “strict” Hamilton = “loose”

13 How did the capital end up in D.C.?
Our first capital was in New York (1789), then Philadelphia ( ) The South agrees to repay war debts if a new capital would be built in the South: Virginia/MD It was a swampy land. Washington never lives in Washington. Adams is the first President to live in the “Presidential Mansion”.

14 1791 -Tax collector is tarred and feathered
The Whiskey Rebellion Congress passes new tax on distilled spirits Hamilton hopes to generate new federal revenues (income) To pay off war debt Western Pennsylvania farmers refuse to pay tax “No taxation without representation!” * 1794 – Tax collectors sent to Western Pennsylvania Protestors march through Pittsburgh There’s talk of using guillotine, secession, independence… Sound familiar? Whiskey tax was part of Hamilton’s plan to raise funds for the U.S. treasury. 1791 -Tax collector is tarred and feathered

15 Whiskey Rebellion (cont’d)
Washington orders 13,000 soldiers to march into Pennsylvania Militia raised from Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland Rebellion fizzles out Washington later pardons the leaders of the rebellion Armed rebellion is not acceptable in this new republic. We got to vote for our reps Demonstrates the strength of the new Federal Government Washington reviews troops in Maryland before they leave for Pennsylvania

16 Insurrections: Shay’s vs. Whiskey
Differences: Shay’s were losing their farms Whiskey tax collector was tortured Whiskey tax not collected for 3 years Whiskey farmers HAD representation Pennsylvania was backed by a strong Federal Government. Similarities: Both were about taxes Both involved angry farmers Both were veterans of the Revolution “No taxation without representation!” Both attacked local governments


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