1. FEDERALISM

2. What is Federalism? Power is constitutionally divided between a central government and regional governments (provinces/states) Most democracies are Unitarian: central government has complete power over constituent units

3. WHY FEDERALISM? Hamilton: 1.Prevent Tyranny of government by dividing power between nation and state 2.More opportunities for citizen participation 3.Allows states to experiment with their own laws

4. WHY FEDERALISM? Also, only choice framers had States were not going to give up all of their power to a central government States were very different and had different economies Is and was a big country Needed different governments

5. EVOLUTION OF FEDERALISM Original Idea: States would do most of what needed to be done National government would have certain “enumerated” or “express” powers Look at Article I, Section 8 of Constitution States were the most important entity into the 20th century (10 th amendment)

6. MAKE A THREE COLUMN CHART What decisions do you believe your parents or guardians should make for you? What decisions should you be able to make yourself? What decisions should be made cooperatively?

7. ANALYZE YOUR RESPONSES Did every student in the class have the same perspective about who should make certain decisions? Have you and your parents or guardians ever had a conflict over who gets to make certain decisions? Why is it important that some decisions are made exclusively by parents or guardians?

8. declare and engage in war conduct elections print and coin money govern marriage laws maintain an army, navy, and air force regulate inter-province and foreign commerce regulate intra-provincial commerce punish lawbreakers levy and collect taxes protect the rights of citizens set traffic standards admit new provinces provide for public safety borrow money establish and maintain schools negotiate treaties with foreign countries protect public health determine the qualifications of voters set up a post office set rules for immigration set education policies SHOULD THE STATES OR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT:

9. FEDERALISM: NATIONAL, STATE, AND CONCURRENT POWERS

10. HOW FEDERALISM HAS CHANGED Originally: Dual Federalism Each level has its own specified powers Analogous to a “Layer Cake” Now: Cooperative Federalism Shared powers, not separate More like a “Marble Cake” Need a proper balance between Centripetal and Centrifugal Power (the Goldilock’s Dilemma)

11. EVOLUTION OF FEDERALISM In 20th Century the scope of national government expanded dramatically Why? National effort required for the World Wars, the Great Depression, etc. How has the world changed since 1867? Technological, Industrial, and Economic Growth required organization and oversight on a national level