1. MANIFEST DESTINY How does America expand from “Sea to Shining Sea”?

2. Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny: US was destined (God’s will) to expand to the Pacific Ocean As population expands, Americans look west. People moved for… 1) Land 2) Business Opportunity 3)Escape religious Persecution (Mormons)

3. Westbound Travelers used Indian trade routes: 1) Oregon Trail – from Missouri to Oregon 2) California trial – broke off from Oregon trail to Sutter’s Mill 3) Santa Fe Trail – from Missouri to New Mexico 4) Mormon Trail – Led by Joseph Smith & later Brigham Young. Mormons headed to Utah

4. Texas Independence 1820: Americans settle in Spanish Texas 1821: Mexico gains independence from Spain, Mexico welcomes Americans (economic growth & stability) 1830: More Americans than Mexicans in the territory, American settlers & Mexicans clash over slavery 1835: Stephen Austin starts Texas independence movement Mexican Pres. Santa Anna sends army to stop Austin’s mvmnt

5. Remember the Alamo! 1836: 100 American rebels enter the Alamo, Santa Anna’s troops attack, Santa Anna finally wins 13 days later Santa Anna has Alamo survivors executed (incl. D. Crockett) Treaty of VelascoIn response, Sam Houston & the rebels capture Santa Anna, forcing him to sign the Treaty of Velasco Texas gets independence, Houston becomes President of Republic of Texas

6. Alamo Film Clips 1. How does Santa Anna treat the captured American militia men? What could be a problem about the way he treated them? 2. Why does Santa Anna want to take the Alamo immediately? Why does he see this battle as so important for Mexico? 3. Despite being outnumbered by the Mexican Army, describe how the Texans inside of the Alamo do in battle? 4. After defeating the Texans at the Alamo, describe how many Texans like Davey Crockett were still defiant? How does Santa Anna react to this defiance? 5. What inspires the Texans to keep fighting? Explain if their inspiration is successful? What is the fate of Santa Anna?

7. Mexican-American War Pres. Polk (pro-slavery) wants Texas to join US, Texas does Texas & Mexico having a dispute over borders (page 134) Polk proposes new borders and wants Mexico to sell New Mexico & California – Mexico refuses 1845: Small fights breakout on Texas-Mexico border, Polk asks for declaration of war

8. Results of the War 1846: American settlers seize Sonoma, declare Republic of California, w/ help of American troops Mexico beaten in CA Mexico loses war, signs Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) Treaty gives US land to Pacific, US will pay $15 million for land 5 yrs later, Gadsden Purchase & Oregon allow more expansion 1848: Gold found in California, 49ers begin mining gold CA economy booming! “Go West Young Man” is new slogan