1. The Scientific Revolution

2. Key Terms Geocentric theory Scientific Revolution Heliocentric theory
Scientific method

3. Roots of the Scientific Revolution
During Middle Ages, people accepted Ancient Greek or Church views of why things were
Renaissance inspired sense of curiosity and questioning
Reformation encouraged Christians to accept new ways of thinking about God and salvation

4. Scientific Revolution
Mid-1500s, a few scholars published works that challenged theories of ancient thinkers and the Church
As theories replaced assumptions, European thought changed
New way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observations and ability to question accepted beliefs

5. Scientific Method New approach to science
Procedure of gathering information and testing ideas

6. Copernicus
Ancient thinkers and Church believed in the geocentric theory, that the earth was the center of universe
Through research, Copernicus concluded that the sun was center of universe, or heliocentric theory
Did not share until last year of life due to fact scholars and clergy would reject his findings

7. Brahe and Kepler Tycho Brahe studied movement of planets
His student Johannes Kepler used information to prove planets moved in an elliptical movement around the sun, instead of circles

8. Galileo Invented telescope
Used telescope to study planets, moon, and stars more closely
Findings showed moon and sun were not made of pure, perfect substance, as Aristotle believed
Findings also supported theories of Copernicus

9. Galileo Galileo published findings
Catholic Church upset by this and put him on trial
Church threatened torture, so Galileo read a signed letter that Copernicus was wrong
Lived under house arrest the rest of his life
Catholic Church acknowledge Galileo was right, in 1992

10. Bacon and Descartes
Francis Bacon urged scientists to experiment and then draw conclusions
Rene Descartes used math and logic, stating everything should be doubted until proven by reason
“I think, therefore I am.”

11. Sir Isaac Newton Studied mathematics and physics
Discovered law of gravity
Every object is affected equally by the same force
All objects attract each other, but strength of attraction depends on mass and distance apart

12. New Scientific Instruments
First microscope used to look at cells and bacteria
Mercury barometer to measure atmospheric pressure and predict weather
Gabriel Fahrenheit made first thermometer that showed water freezing at 32°

13. Medicine Early beliefs of human anatomy based on dissection of pigs
Andreas Vesalius dissected human corpses and recorded his findings in detail
Detailed images of organs, bones, and muscles
First vaccine produced by Edward Jenner for smallpox