2. The Geography of Iran

3. Iranian Oil Resources

4. Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh, Prime Minister of Iran  Became Prime Minister in 1951.  Nationalized the foreign oil companies.  Got rid of corrupt military officials.  Was toppled in a coup aided by the America CIA in 1953.  The Shah of Iran returns to power. Q4

6. Shah Reza Pahlavi (r. 1941 – 1977)  Institutes Western reforms & ties with the West.  But, the majority of his people live in poverty.  Brutal suppression of dissidents  SAVAK Q5

7. The Shah & His W i fe, Farah Iranian elite/upper- and intellectual classes: very pro-Western.

8. “The White Revolution” The Shah’s Reform Program (1963)  Land reform – 90% of Iran’s peasants became land own  Massive government-financed heavy industry projects.  Granted women more political power – the right to vote.  Poured government $ into education – especially in rural areas where illiteracy was very high.  Profit-sharing for industrial workers.  Nationalization of forests and pasture lands.

9. The Shah at George Washington’s Home, 1950s

10. The Shah with Several American Presidents

11. The Shah with President Jimmy Carter

13. Reasons for the Fall of the Shah  The Shah spent the oil profits for top of the lie American military hardware.  Little $ to reinvest back into the Iranian economy.  Religious leaders angry with the Shah for too much “Westernization.”  Government corruption.  The Shah’s constitutional violations of the basic human rights of his citizens.

14. Anti-Shah Protests

15. The Shah’s Oppo n ents  Oil field workers  Students and other intellectuals.  Middle class  Iranian nationalists.  Muslim clerics. Q6

16. Anti-American Pin (1960s)

17. Iranian Students Protest in Beverley Hills

18. Anarchy & Revolution The Shah leaves Iran on 1/16/79.

19. Ayatollah Khomeini Leads the Revolution Khomeini returns to Iran on February 11, 1979. Q7

20. Ayatollah Khomeini (r. 1979-1989)  1902 – 1989. became an Islamic scholar Began to speak out against the Shah in the 1960s.  Arrested and several times by the Shah.  Deported in 1978 & went to France.

21. Triumphant Muslim Clerics & Iranian Soldiers Q8 A theocracy is created!

22. SAVAK Suspects Taken

23. The Fate of the Shah’s Ge n erals

24. Iran Revolutionary Poster When the devil leaves, the angel returns!

25. American Embassy in Tehran Taken Over Q9

26. 52 Americans Held Hostage for 444 Days!

27. President Carter Becomes a Hostage, Too

28. Hostage Rescue Disaster

29. 52 American Hostages Released in Jan., 1981

31. The Khomeini Revolution

32. Women in Iran A woman’s hijab represents her Islamic and moral values.

33. Political Cartoon Commentary The dictatorship is go n e Bring on the dictatorship!

34. Support for the Palestinian Cause The Ayatollah with Yasir Arafat. Funds Hamas and Hezbollah.

36. The Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) Q10

37. The Iran-Iraq War: Taking Sides

38. Secretary Rumsfeld & Saddam Hussein: 1983

39. Iraqi Soldiers At the Front  375,000 Iraqi casualties & 60,000 POWs!

40. Iranian Soldiers Q11  Over 1,000,000 Iranian casualties!

42. Khomeini’s Death (Ju n e, 1989)

43. Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khame n ei The Ayatollah represents the fundamentalist Mullahs.

44. Ayatollah Khatami The Ayatollah is considered a political moderate. Q12

45. Support for the Shi’ites in Iraq Today Moqtada al-Sadr, radical Shi’ite leader in Fallujah, Iraq

46. Another Nuclear Power? US satellite photo of Iranian nuclear facility n ear Arak.

47. An American view of Iranian nuclear power PINOCCHIAYATOLLAH Scott Stantis (Birmingham News) 1/28/05

48. A view of Iran’s nuclear power from Al-Jazeerah Nobody else (particularly Iran and Arab countries) should have nuclear weapons except Israel, says Bush. -- Hassan Bleybel 10/23/03

49. Another Future Revolution?

50. A “Shah” in the Waiting? Reza Pahlavi (III?), 43 year-old son of the deposed Shah.