1. Session 10

2. Session Background The purpose of this session is to demonstrate that the observational scientific evidence supports a worldwide flood.

3. Topics  The Flood and the fossil record 1. Charles Darwin 2. Cambrian explosion 3. Lack of transitions (living fossils) 4. Textbooks and deception 5. History of mistakes 6. Fossil graveyards 7. Marine fossils everywhere 8. Polystrate fossils  The Flood and the fossil record 1. Charles Darwin 2. Cambrian explosion 3. Lack of transitions (living fossils) 4. Textbooks and deception 5. History of mistakes 6. Fossil graveyards 7. Marine fossils everywhere 8. Polystrate fossils

4. “…why, if species have descended from other species by insensibly fine gradations, do we not everywhere see innumerable transitional forms? Why is not all nature in confusion instead of species being, as we see them, well defined?” Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species, 1 st ed., Chapter 6, p.171.

5. Cambrian ExplosionCambrianPrecambrian Single cell to complex organisms

6. “Paleontologists call the diversification of life during the early Cambrian Period the ‘Cambrian Explosion.’ For the first time, organisms had hard parts, including shells and outer skeletons. During the Cambrian Period, the first known representatives of most animal phyla evolved.” Biology [ textbook], Miller and Levine, 2002, p. 430

7. Lack of Transitions (Living Fossils)

12. Alligators: No change in 100 million years Coelacanth: No change in 100 million years Tuatara Lizard: No change in 200 million years

13. Scorpions: no change in 360 million years Jellyfish: no change in over 500 million years

14. Textbook Deception  Words  Pictures  Words  Pictures The deception in school textbooks comes in two formats

15. “Spontaneous origin is the process through which life is thought to have developed when molecules of nonliving matter reacted chemically during the first billion years of Earth’s history. These molecules formed many different simple, organic molecules.” Biology: Principles and Explorations, 2001, p. 252 The Origin of Life

16. “Energized by the sun and volcanic heat, these simple, organic molecules formed more-complex molecules that eventually became the building blocks of the first cells. The hypothesis that many of the organic building blocks of life were made from molecules of nonliving matter has been tested and confirmed using scientific methods in laboratory experiments.”

17. “Scientists use radioactive decay to assign absolute ages to rocks.” Radiometric Dating Methods “Another radioactive isotope that is commonly used to determine the absolute age of an object is carbon-14.” Glencoe Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe, 2002 p. 563.

18. Real Evolution or Art?Lucy Whale evolution Bird evolution Human evolution

19. “For instance, modern whales are the descendants of four-legged land animals…” Biology: Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart, Winston, 1998, p. 177.

20. Deception Pakicetus: a candidate for whale evolution? Pakicetus reconstruction by National Geographic Only the shaded portions of the skull were found

21. Updated Pakicetus A wolf-like land mammal, with legs capable of running

22. Real Evolution

23. History of Mistakes  Piltdown Man  Nebraska Man  Ramapithecus  Lucy  Archaeoraptor  Coelacanth  Haeckel’s fraud  Junk DNA  Fossil horses  Miller experiment  Bacteria resistance  Darwin’s finches  Vestigial organs  Archaeopteryx  Peppered moth  3% DNA difference  Dinosaurs (65 mya)  Grand Canyon  Carbon-14 dating  Education system

24. Fossil Graveyards Vast fossil graveyards found throughout the world present a major challenge to proponents of evolution. Found in sediments laid down by water

25. Fossil Graveyards Agate Springs, Nebraska A fossil graveyard of about 9,000 animals Agate Springs, Nebraska A fossil graveyard of about 9,000 animals Rhinos, horses, camels, giant wild boars, birds, plants, trees, sea shells and fish

26. Como Bluffs, Wyoming Dinosaur graveyard seven miles long 483 dinosaurs 483 dinosaurs Dinosaur graveyard seven miles long 483 dinosaurs 483 dinosaurs

27. The Cleveland Lloyd Quarry in Utah Over 12,000 bones belonging to at least 74 individual dinosaurs

28. Alaska and Siberia Area A graveyard of bears, wolf, fox, badgers, saber-tooth cat, jaguar, lynx, mammoth, mastodon, horses, camel, antelope, bison, caribou, moose, elk, sheep, musk-ox, yak, ground sloth, and several rodents

29. Dinosaur National Monument, Utah It is one of the largest fossil graveyards in the world. Over 1,600 individual bones have been found of 11 different species of dinosaurs plus several complete skeletons.

30. “Billions of straight-shelled, chambered nautiloids are found fossilized with other marine creatures in a 7 feet thick layer within the Redwall Limestone of Grand Canyon.” Grand Canyon

31. Hundreds of thousands of marine creatures are buried with amphibians, spiders, scorpions, millipedes, insects and reptiles in a fossil graveyard in France. France

32. Alligators, fish, birds, turtles, mammals, many varieties of insects, and palm leaves are buried in the Green River Formation of Wyoming. Wyoming

33. Whale Graveyard A fossil graveyard containing more than 75 ancient whales was discovered in Chile. Of the 75 whales that have been discovered so far, 20 of them represent perfectly intact skeletons.

34. Marine Fossils “At least 95 percent of all animal fossils are of marine invertebrates. They are found in great variety, but all are well- designed for life in the sea…. These fossilized marine creatures are typically found in catastrophic deposits.” John Morris (Ph.D. Geological Engineering), “The Real Nature of the Fossil Record,” http://www.icr.org/article/real-nature-fossil-record/

35. Marine Fossils on Mountains  Fossils of whales and other marine animals are found in sediments in the Andes Mountains.  Marine fossils are found high in the Himalayas, the world’s tallest mountain range, reaching up to 29,029 feet above sea level.

36. Polystrate Fossils

37. The Weight of the Evidence 1. Charles Darwin 2. Cambrian explosion 3. Lack of transitions (living fossils) 4. Textbooks and deception 5. History of mistakes 6. Fossil graveyards 7. Marine fossils everywhere 8. Polystrate fossils 1. Charles Darwin 2. Cambrian explosion 3. Lack of transitions (living fossils) 4. Textbooks and deception 5. History of mistakes 6. Fossil graveyards 7. Marine fossils everywhere 8. Polystrate fossils