1. Identifying and Controlling Hazards
Welcome!
1005

2. Workshop goals
Explore the elements of an effective hazard identification and control program.
Discuss the steps in the hazard identification and control process.
Complete the hazard identification and control worksheet.

3. Form Teams

4. ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of employment.
IDENTIFYING HAZARDS
What do the rules say?
ORS Employers to furnish safe place of employment.
Every employer shall…
furnish employment and a place of employment which are safe and healthful for employees therein, and…
shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety and health of such employees.

5. OAR 437, Div 001, Rule 0760 (7) Inspections.
(a) All places of employment shall be inspected by a qualified person or persons as often as the type of operation or the character of the equipment requires. Defective equipment or unsafe conditions found by these inspections shall be replaced or repaired or remedied promptly.
(b) Wherever required in this safety code, a written and dated report, signed by the person or persons making the inspection, shall be kept.

6. What does “qualified” mean?
What criteria should we use to determine frequency of inspections?
What does “remedied promptly” mean?
What does your inspection report look like?

7. What do the rules for safety committees say?
The safety committee is required to:
Evaluate
____________ the accident and illness prevention program
____________ procedures for inspections
____________ the workplace for safety and health hazards
____________ how to eliminate hazards and unsafe behaviors
Establish
Inspect
Recommend

8. What is a "hazard?" condition practice injury illness
An unsafe _________________ or _________________ that could cause an ___________ or _______________ to an employee.
injury
illness
How can a person be a walking hazardous condition?

9. What is “Exposure?”
How close are you to the "danger zone"?
Physical exposure - generally arm’s length
Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.

10. Which one of those incidents will end up as a serious injury?
How does your perception about the severity of a hazard change with daily exposure to that hazard?
Which one of those incidents will end up as a serious injury?

11. What you see are merely the symptoms: The direct observable effects of a underlying cause
Are unique conditions or individual behaviors (you can point at a person or object)
May exist or be performed by anyone, anytime, anywhere
May directly cause or contribute to an incident or accident
May be important clues revealing root causes

12. 2 3 95 Where do injuries come from?
Unpreventable acts. Only ________ % of all workplace accidents are thought to be unpreventable.
Hazardous conditions. Hazardous conditions (OR-OSHA violations) account for only _________ % of all workplace accidents.
What procedures do we use to detect and correct hazardous conditions?
System failure. Safety management system failures account for at least _________ % of all workplace accidents. 2 3 95

13. Types of Hazards in the Workplace
1. Falls
2. Impact
3. Mechanical
4. Vibration/Noise
5. Toxics
6. Heat/Temperature
7. Flammability/Fire
8. Explosives
9. Pressure
10. Electrical contact
11. Ergonomics
12. Biohazards
13. Violence

14. Inspect to identify potential accidents
Struck-by
Struck-against
Contact-by
Contact-with
Caught-on
Caught-in
Caught-between
Fall-To-surface
Fall-To-below
Over-exertion
Bodily reaction
Over-exposure

15. 1 Four Important Processes to Identify and Analyze Hazards
Inspections and Audits
The inspection examines conditions in the workplace to identify hazards.
The audit evaluates the quality of program design and performance to better control hazards.

16. How to develop an effective safety and health checklist.
Determine applicable state safety & health rules for the workplace.
Review rules and use those you feel apply to your workplace.
Develop applicable checklist questions that are not addressed in the rules.

17. Who's involved in the inspection process?
What is a major weakness inherent in the inspection process?
How can we overcome this weakness?

18. 2
Observation
Observations, informal and formal, are quite important in daily workplace safety.
Employees and managers can spot hazardous conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors while they conduct their other tasks.

19. 2
Observation
What is the proper response when an employee observes a hazardous condition or unsafe behavior?

20. 2
Observation
What is the proper response when a safety committee member observes a hazardous condition or unsafe behavior?

21. 2
Observation
Formal observation programs can be successful tools for gathering and analyzing data so that safety can be improved.

22. 2
Observation
What group is well-suited to conduct formal observation?

23. 2
Observation
What happens when the perception that discipline might occur as a result of formal observations?

24. 3 The Job Hazard Analysis The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.

25. 3 The Job Hazard Analysis The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.
Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices.

26. 3 The Job Hazard Analysis The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.
Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices.
Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards.

27. 3 The Job Hazard Analysis The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.
Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions and unsafe practices.
Develop preventive measures in each step to eliminate or reduce the hazards.
Integrate preventive measures into training and standard operating procedures (SOP’s).

28. Why is it important to involve the employee in the JHA process?
It’s important to write an inspection report that effectively “sells” management on corrective actions. The following inspection report format is designed to give management useful information describing hazards and “bottom line” costs/benefits needed to justify corrective actions.
1. The Background/Introduction section briefly outlines the contents of the rest of the report and tells the reader:
a. What the report is,
b. Who conducted the inspection,
c. Where was it was conducted,
d. Why it was conducted.
2. The Findings section tells the reader the results of the inspection. It details:
a. Specific hazards found,
b. Underlying root causes or contributing factors that allow those hazards to exist,
c. Possible accidents that may result,
d. Estimated probability and severity of potential accidents, and

29. 4 Incident/Accident Analysis
All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no matter how minor should be analyzed to identify and control hazards.
Incident analysis allows you to identify and control hazards before they cause an injury.
Accident analysis is an effective tool for uncovering hazards that either were missed earlier or have managed to slip out of the controls planned for them.

30. The two primary phases in the incident/accident analysis process
Event analysis. Analyze the event (near-miss, accident) to determine what happened.
Cause analysis
Surface Cause Analysis
Root Cause

31. What's the hazard?
What kind of accident might occur?

32. What's the hazard?
What kind of accident might occur?

33. What's the hazard?
What kind of accident might occur?

34. Hazard + Exposure a Accident
CONTROLLING HAZARDS
Hazard + Exposure a Accident
1. Controlling hazards by engineering the workplace - design tools, equipment, machinery, materials, facilities.

35. Hazard + Exposure a Accident
2. Controlling exposures by managing work and workers.

36. Why are engineering controls considered to be superior to management controls?

37. Personal Protective Equipment
What might be some of the drawbacks of reliance solely on PPE to protect workers?
Interim measures

38. Effective Maintenance Processes
Two equipment maintenance programs
1. Preventive Maintenance to make sure equipment and machinery runs safely and smoothly.
2. Corrective Maintenance to make sure equipment gets back into safe service quickly.
How can we make sure corrective maintenance is completed quickly?

39. Hazard Tracking Procedures

40. THE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Team Exercise:
View photos and use the worksheet below to determine hazards, system weaknesses, accident types and costs, probability/severity, corrective actions and system improvement.
Hazard Analysis Worksheet
Describe the Hazard:
Possible Accident Type(s):
Accident Cost Estimates:
Risk:
Recommended Corrective Action(s):
Recommended System Improvement(s):

45. Review Quiz