1. Chapter 36: Rock Rock: Music of Rebellion

2. Antecedents of Rock Rhythm and Blues – Descended from a laid-back, riff-based bluesy swing – Small rhythm section (piano, guitar, bass, and drums) accompany a few saxophones and other “horns” – Unambiguous duple meter – 12-bar blues over a walking bass style called boogie woogie

3. Rock and Roll Term coined by pioneering radio disk jockey Alan Freed (1921-1965) Music disseminated through radio broadcasts Freed’s broadcast’s were replayed in Europe “Rocking and Rolling”: old nautical term referring to the motion of boats – Term applied to movements during religious ecstasy and dance

4. Elvis Presley (1935-1977) – Career began performing “hillbilly music,” singing gospel music in church, and listening to blues and jazz in the black neighborhood of Memphis – Combined genres of indigenous American black and white rural music – 149 songs appeared on Billboard’s “Hot 100 Pop Chart” – 1956 recording and TV performance of “Hound Dog” – Movie roles Buddy Holly (and the Crickets) – 12-bar blues without the blue notes – Twangy guitar strumming and snareless locomotive drumming Pat Boone, “Fats” Domino, “Little Richard” Penniman

5. Rock The Beatles (1960-1970): John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Ringo Starr – Performance on The Ed Sullivan Show February 9, 1964 had profound effect on music and culture – Developed an unprecedented ability to create original, fresh sounds with radical experimentation in both songwriting and studio recording – Thematically unified concept album: Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band

6. British Invasion The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, The Who, Cream Harder edge Lengthy instrumental improvisations Guitar Riff: An improvisatory flourish that becomes a motive Rhythmic ostinato – The Stone’s “I Can’t Get No Satisfaction” (1965) Use of 12-bar blues – Cream’s “Crossroads” (1969) Jimi Hendrix (1942-1970): The most original, influential rock guitarist – Wide range in harmonic variety – Expanded range of the amplified guitar, creating an assortment of noises, vocal effects, and electronic sounds

7. Soul, Motown, and Funk Stemmed from the political, social, and economical circumstances of black American during the 1950’s and 1960’s Motown – Stax record label (Memphis) – Motown Records (Detroit) founded by Berry Gordy – Martha and the Vandellas, The Supremes, The Temptations, the Four Tops Soul – Gospel-rooted style – Musical complexity found in the arrangements and musicianship – Spontaneity and improvisation in live performances – Ray Charles

8. Funk – Invented by “Godfather of Soul” James Brown – Blend of soul, jazz, and R&B – Brought black Pentecostal preaching, shouting, and freec conversational manner to pop music

9. Punk and New Wave Punk Rock – Highly politicized style, mid-1970’s – Fast, hard-edged music with short, simple songs – Musical escapism with a self-destructive and nihilistic approach – Basic verse-and-chorus form of earlier pop – Crude amplified sounds, fast driving rhythms, unassuming timbres, simple harmonies – The Ramones (1976), the Sex Pistols (1977) – The Clash combined punk aesthetic with Jamaican music (1979) – Helped renovate rock back to its working-class, garage band roots

10. Metal Introduction of the powerchord by the Kinks in “You Really Got Me” and “All the Day and All the Night” – Triad lacking the major or minor third Sliding of chords along the neck of the instrument in parallet motion Early 1970’s: Louder, chordal sound and high volume Surrealistic themes, paranoid delusions, and dark, dreary subjects; Adolescent angst Deep Purple and Black Sabbath Late 1980’s: Fresh sound of Metallica

11. Rap Originated as an African American style in the early 1970’s in New York’s South Bronx DJ Kool Herc (Jamaican-born Clive Campbell) developed imitation of Jamaican practice of using “sound systems’’ to play music at parties – Isolated choice portions of the tracks (the “break” and created loops and extended portions using two term tables “Break dancing” – MC (Master of Ceremonies) and DJ The Sugarhill Gang’s “Rapper’s Delight”: First recording with the work rap in the title Run DMC: First rap artists to achieved major commercial success Novel and authentic sound whose broad appeal crossed racial and social boundaries

12. Grunge Generation X: Born around 1975 Dark, brooding, introspective songs first arose in and around Seattle A type of alternative rock inspired by punk Kurt Cobain and Nirvana: Nevermind (1991) – Wide mix of rock and pop styles – Absurdist lyrics – “Smells Like Teen Spirit”: “A teen revolutionary song”